邢唷 > ? > @ ? = 欹 ] R 4 bjbj 2H y y f( ] * * * * * * * > > > > 8 v > : " $ H u * * * * * > > * * * * X : , * * P呭>*> > S 琋 梘 N 'Y f[ 2 0 0 4 t^Ux隭xvz ueQf[諎 褘孴橯\O 諎槝 I . T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g p a s s a g e i n t o C h i n e s e . ( 5 0 p o i n t s ) W e t h i n k o f r e t i r e m e n t a s s o m e t h i n g f o r t h o s e w h o , h a v i n g p u t i n y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , y e a r n f o r a p a s t u r e w i t h h o l e s a n d f l a g s i n i t . B u t a f t e r five or ten years near the beginning of things, when every challenge seemed terrifying and every situation filled with opportunity for advancement, I have felt one thing very strongly: Work is for the very young and the very old. Retirement should be reserved for those who can enjoy it梩hose old enough to have achieved some wisdom and perspective but young enough to feel the blood in their veins and possibly somebody else抯 too. It抯 a simple idea, easy to execute. After a minimum tenure of employment梥ay, ten to 12 years, the worker, in the full flush of adult vigor and capacity, would be required to take a retirement package that included a decent severance, a guaranteed stipend, and an adequate continuation of health insurance. After a time the lucky individual, having enjoyed years of carefree retirement activities, at the age of 58 or so, would be expected to return to the ranks of the employed and work until unable to do so any longer, at which point he or she would be expected to get lost. Think of the benefits to every generation! The young and zesty would have a host of jobs at their disposal and no pesky 40- and 50-year-olds blocking their way up the ladder. Those proud, mature folks in the high summer of their years would roam the planet doing as they wished. Perhaps the most blessed in this plan are those in their 50s, 60s, and 70s, who are now consigned to the rag bin of demography just when they want to work most. In my plan this group reenters the workforce with amazing energy, a lifetime of experience, and a full understanding of how boring life without work can be. What a boon to any office this industrious, sociable group would be, laboring harder and eating and drinking lighter than their younger counterparts, and willing to kiss the feet of any organization giving them something meaningful to do! Anyone who has spent an afternoon at a retirement village knows what I mean. II. Translate the following passage into English. (50 points) O邁剉fN酧筫_蜰橯酧0橯酧\04嵁恏y0R腫鶴1\螾/f N*N]懬 z 詋裇E M A I L baY哊 FO(W購*Nba剉菑 z-N齹SOO0R坃Y苸{亜v a譙 匭胈@b g剉臽 a龕 N筽 N鬾0Wxm?W{竳魰 T鰁骮a孈w鵞筫6e0R酧鰁剉7hP[ 1u嶯購*N菑 z+o 4O彇 eg剉胈臽 b a隷 b芵` _N1\彇KN鯺晢N笅Y0 橯E M A I L __/fSS賍賍 g婲魦婲 貜龕/f婲'`剉婲 6qT N筽 h1\p崋N0醤O\剉踁筫W[ N*N*N抍RteP `HN w龕蓧梍螾絜哊篘錧S剉,呠?l済 hQ6q哊-N齎W[剉匭(W^y鯒 哊橯W[篘剉'`臽 u髞哊'`+R 篘霳 N/f8^(u Z纘 egb_筟sY篘剉W[T vQ瀃b N筽?Q N抍5u _N玁譙@w僛剉蛓蛓筫縊隷wc FO蟢S_b亯賬 g睳褟剉篘橯酧鰁貜/f淯"k(u{ 郪:NbZW酧W[/f g u}T剉 g臽 a剉 (WfN橯剉 T鰁 b u}T剉 N钀R_N彇KN&^p崋N SbW[R螾/f鲖篘鉔{ 敄@w NB\繬HN 1\螾Sb5u輯鰁=\`O齹nZi0W,T0R鵞筫剉|T8T 颯 g汵輯1\/f`HN_N魦 N鶴eg gT貜/f梍 P㏑{竳 1\/f購HN^yGY b__剉 N T0錧wQ剉 N T q_蚑0R匭筟剉 N T0 I I I . W r i t i n g ( 5 0 p o i n t s ) S e c t i o n A W r i t e a p a s s a g e o f 2 0 0 w o r d s a b o u t t h e m o s t emotionally significant moment in your life. You should supply a title for the passage. Section B Read the following passage carefully, and then write a summary of 100 words. Take care to give a connection of ideas. How Farmers Sowed Languages Nicholas Wade The homelands of the Indo-European languages stretch from Dublin to Delhi. But Hadza, a tongue that is one of a kind, is spoken by just 1,000 people near Lake Eyasi in Tanzania. Why do the world's languages have so uneven a distribution pattern? Two researchers theorize that much of the answer has to do with events that began 10,000 years ago, as crop plants were domesticated. Agriculture has long been invoked to explain the spread of the Indo-European languages. Now, Jared Diamond of UCLA and Peter Bellwood of the Australian National University in Canberra have applied the concept to 15 major language families. Their article appeared in the April 25 issue of Science. The premise is that when humans lived as hunters and gatherers, their populations were small, because wild game and berries can support only so many people. But after an agriculture system was devised, populations expanded, displacing the hunter-gatherers around them and taking their language with them. On this theory, whatever language happened to be spoken in a region where a crop plant was domesticated expanded along with the farmers who spoke it. Even if the farmers interbred with the hunter-gatherers whose land they took, genes can mix, but languages cannot. So the hunters would in many cases have adopted the farmers' language. That is why languages "record these processes of demographic expansion more clearly than the genes," Bellwood said. One of the clearest expansions, perhaps because it occurred most recently, can be found in the 1,436 languages in the Niger-Congo or Bantu family, the world's largest. About 5,000 years ago, Bantu speakers in western Africa who cultivated the yam started spreading out from their homeland. One group traveled south, the other first east to the Great Lakes and then south. The two migrations spread the Bantu languages through a third of the continent, displacing the Khoisan, or click-language speakers, who were hunter-gatherers. The agricultural regions of China made up the homelands of three major families, Diamond and Bellwood wrote. One was Austro-Asiatic, which includes a swath of languages now spoken in Cambodia, southern China, India, Malaya and Thailand. Another was the Tai group, which includes Lao and Thai. A third was the Sino-Tibetan family. In the New World, the farmers who domesticated maize and beans in Mexico expanded northward to the area that became the southwestern United States, spreading the Uto-Aztecan family of languages. And Austronesian, a group of 1,236 languages, is the second largest, after the Niger-Congo. The founder language was spoken by rice growers in southern China who colonized Taiwan before 3000 B.C. and spread through Polynesia, reaching New Zealand by A.D. 1200. The Science article endorses a bold suggestion for the origin of Japanese. The writers say it is derived from the language of rice farmers who arrived from Korea around 400 B.C. and spread their agriculture northward from a southern island, Kyushu. Modern Japanese is not at all like Korean. But Korea had three ancient kingdoms, each with its own language. Modern Korean derived from the ancient Sillan. Japanese may have evolved from another ancient Korean language, Koguryo, the article says. Just as China was a powerhouse of new language families in the East, the Fertile Crescent, the arc running through Lebanon and through Iraq, was the source of at least three major language families in the West, the authors say. One was Dravidian, a language family now centered on southern India. A second was the Indo-European family, which includes English, French and German in its Western branch and Iranian and Hindi in its Eastern branches. A third may have been Afro-Asiatic, a family that includes ancient Egyptian and Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew. The best-known movements of people are those of conquering armies like the Mongols, who overran much of Eurasia. The Mongols, because of their rulers' harems, left behind many more genes than conquering armies usually do, but their language vanished from their conquered territories. (The New York Times) Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. 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