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2019 Vol. 18, No. 4
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2019, 18(4): 1-7.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019124
Abstract:
Based on his work practices, XI Jin-ping proposed a series of ecological civilization ideas which inherently contain lots of eco-aesthetic thoughts, such as the integral ecological beauty of " life community? eco-aesthetic values of " green mountain and clear water? eco-aesthetic ideal in building " beautiful China? eco-aesthetic complex of " homeland? and the most beautiful ecology of " community with a shared future for mankind? In his ecological thoughts, XI constructs a new kind of aesthetic relationship among human, nature and society to impel human beings to try their best to disassemble dichotomous opposition between man and nature in life and production by arousing people’s inner aesthetic needs. By doing so, he contributes new views and ideas to ecological civilization thoughts of Chinese characteristic socialism in the new era, especially in terms of human’s green and sustainable development.
Based on his work practices, XI Jin-ping proposed a series of ecological civilization ideas which inherently contain lots of eco-aesthetic thoughts, such as the integral ecological beauty of " life community? eco-aesthetic values of " green mountain and clear water? eco-aesthetic ideal in building " beautiful China? eco-aesthetic complex of " homeland? and the most beautiful ecology of " community with a shared future for mankind? In his ecological thoughts, XI constructs a new kind of aesthetic relationship among human, nature and society to impel human beings to try their best to disassemble dichotomous opposition between man and nature in life and production by arousing people’s inner aesthetic needs. By doing so, he contributes new views and ideas to ecological civilization thoughts of Chinese characteristic socialism in the new era, especially in terms of human’s green and sustainable development.
2019, 18(4): 8-13.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019099
Abstract:
Because the definitions of the core concepts and theories of ecology, such as community, ecosystem, etc., are operational, they are not clearly defined, which can easily lead to ambiguities and terminological confusion among different users and ecological situations.Meanwhile some ecological theories, for example, theories about community succession, ecological balance, diversity and stability, cannot effectively realize the ontological commitment to these ecological entities, phenomena,and processes. There existed divergences between holism and reductionism, realism and anti-realism in ecology. A holon spanning all structural and functional levels of the ecosystem, whose variable quantity and constant essential relationship between whole and part, may provide us with new enlightenment to solve the ecological ontological problems.
Because the definitions of the core concepts and theories of ecology, such as community, ecosystem, etc., are operational, they are not clearly defined, which can easily lead to ambiguities and terminological confusion among different users and ecological situations.Meanwhile some ecological theories, for example, theories about community succession, ecological balance, diversity and stability, cannot effectively realize the ontological commitment to these ecological entities, phenomena,and processes. There existed divergences between holism and reductionism, realism and anti-realism in ecology. A holon spanning all structural and functional levels of the ecosystem, whose variable quantity and constant essential relationship between whole and part, may provide us with new enlightenment to solve the ecological ontological problems.
2019, 18(4): 14-20.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019097
Abstract:
Since Hepburn initiated a reflection on the philosophy of art and advocated the aesthetics of nature, the study on aesthetics has begun to innovate. Environmental aesthetics asserts that environment is the aesthetic object, and everything in environment has aesthetic relevance. A man, as the aesthetic subject, belongs to an environment without exception, so he has aesthetic experience only in the environment. Landscape aesthetics regards the aesthetic objects as a complex of nature, artifacts and arts, and thinks that the aesthetics is an experience to the meanings of landscape for existence in the view of insiders. Through an analysis of the " environment and " landscape as aesthetic objects and their relationship with the aesthetic subject, it is concluded that both environmental aesthetics and landscape aesthetics have expanded the scope of aesthetic objects after Hepburn, and uphold an aesthetic standpoint of being intrinsic to the object, which gives them a basic foothold of convergence and integration.
Since Hepburn initiated a reflection on the philosophy of art and advocated the aesthetics of nature, the study on aesthetics has begun to innovate. Environmental aesthetics asserts that environment is the aesthetic object, and everything in environment has aesthetic relevance. A man, as the aesthetic subject, belongs to an environment without exception, so he has aesthetic experience only in the environment. Landscape aesthetics regards the aesthetic objects as a complex of nature, artifacts and arts, and thinks that the aesthetics is an experience to the meanings of landscape for existence in the view of insiders. Through an analysis of the " environment and " landscape as aesthetic objects and their relationship with the aesthetic subject, it is concluded that both environmental aesthetics and landscape aesthetics have expanded the scope of aesthetic objects after Hepburn, and uphold an aesthetic standpoint of being intrinsic to the object, which gives them a basic foothold of convergence and integration.
2019, 18(4): 21-24.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019009
Abstract:
In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, a large number of forestry-relevant inscriptions appeared in southwestern Guizhou, which not only reflected the tension between man and land in the region, but also showed the strong ecological consciousness of the regional residents. These forestry-related inscriptions contain profound ecological and cultural connotations, including ecological thoughts internalized in mind and ecological activities externalized in practice, which reveals the ancients understanding of the importance of forests. At the same time, it shows the operability of the statute, which promotes the strong vitality of the statute, and then internalizes it into a fine tradition of protecting the ecology.
In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, a large number of forestry-relevant inscriptions appeared in southwestern Guizhou, which not only reflected the tension between man and land in the region, but also showed the strong ecological consciousness of the regional residents. These forestry-related inscriptions contain profound ecological and cultural connotations, including ecological thoughts internalized in mind and ecological activities externalized in practice, which reveals the ancients understanding of the importance of forests. At the same time, it shows the operability of the statute, which promotes the strong vitality of the statute, and then internalizes it into a fine tradition of protecting the ecology.
2019, 18(4): 25-33.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019074
Abstract:
The involvement of art in rural tourism is one of the growing trends in rural tourism in China, and this phenomenon can be grouped into " reconstructing the local activities. Therefore, the exploration into the integration pattern will contribute to the keeping and the building of the sense of place. Based on the theory of TUANYi-Fu’s humanistic geography, this paper builds a model of " reconstructing the environment and classifies the art integration modes, puts forward the preliminary model of " integrating art into rural tourism? and suggests the " mode performance evaluation form in the context of integrating art into rural tourism. With Shangyuan Artist Village of Changping District, Beijing and Zhangquanxiangju of Miyun District, Beijing as cases, two typically representative art integration modes, i.e., artist village and artistic village, are deeply explored to evaluate the performance of the modes. Questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and observational method are employed for the study. The research result shows that the mode of Artistic Village is grass-roots, stable, sustainable, and contributes positively to the rural revitalization, while the mode of Artist Village is weak, unstable, unsustainable yet still with some additional value, such as improving the attraction of rural tourism and balancing the tourism season. It is suggested that these two modes are actually complementary to each other, and a combination of two may serve as a better mode. Finally, based on the findings of the study, the paper traces back to the internal logic of the two typical cases, and attempts to propose a" resonance of art and village”practical development pattern of " integrating art into rural tourism? With the deep exploration from three aspects of human-land relationship, owner’s intention and related subject relationship in the pattern, the paper works in concert with the ideal artistic reconstruction of rural communities.
The involvement of art in rural tourism is one of the growing trends in rural tourism in China, and this phenomenon can be grouped into " reconstructing the local activities. Therefore, the exploration into the integration pattern will contribute to the keeping and the building of the sense of place. Based on the theory of TUANYi-Fu’s humanistic geography, this paper builds a model of " reconstructing the environment and classifies the art integration modes, puts forward the preliminary model of " integrating art into rural tourism? and suggests the " mode performance evaluation form in the context of integrating art into rural tourism. With Shangyuan Artist Village of Changping District, Beijing and Zhangquanxiangju of Miyun District, Beijing as cases, two typically representative art integration modes, i.e., artist village and artistic village, are deeply explored to evaluate the performance of the modes. Questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and observational method are employed for the study. The research result shows that the mode of Artistic Village is grass-roots, stable, sustainable, and contributes positively to the rural revitalization, while the mode of Artist Village is weak, unstable, unsustainable yet still with some additional value, such as improving the attraction of rural tourism and balancing the tourism season. It is suggested that these two modes are actually complementary to each other, and a combination of two may serve as a better mode. Finally, based on the findings of the study, the paper traces back to the internal logic of the two typical cases, and attempts to propose a" resonance of art and village”practical development pattern of " integrating art into rural tourism? With the deep exploration from three aspects of human-land relationship, owner’s intention and related subject relationship in the pattern, the paper works in concert with the ideal artistic reconstruction of rural communities.
2019, 18(4): 34-39.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019052
Abstract:
The agricultural heritage system is a frontier research field of landscape architecture and has important research value while relevant researches are scare. Based on a systematic analysis of the concept and connotation of agricultural heritage system, we analyze its research and practical status. Then an in-depth study of agricultural heritage systems is carried out from the aspects of discipline research field, rural landscape construction, to harmonize the relationship between human and nature, cultural landscape and rural vitalization from the perspective of landscape architecture. Finally, the means of bridging landscape architecture and agricultural heritage systems are discussed from the aspects of exploration and utilization, guide significance. It is of great significance for the research of agricultural heritage systems and expanding the research field of landscape architecture from the aspects of agricultural heritage system.
The agricultural heritage system is a frontier research field of landscape architecture and has important research value while relevant researches are scare. Based on a systematic analysis of the concept and connotation of agricultural heritage system, we analyze its research and practical status. Then an in-depth study of agricultural heritage systems is carried out from the aspects of discipline research field, rural landscape construction, to harmonize the relationship between human and nature, cultural landscape and rural vitalization from the perspective of landscape architecture. Finally, the means of bridging landscape architecture and agricultural heritage systems are discussed from the aspects of exploration and utilization, guide significance. It is of great significance for the research of agricultural heritage systems and expanding the research field of landscape architecture from the aspects of agricultural heritage system.
2019, 18(4): 40-46.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019005
Abstract:
The reason for establishing land management rights is that the transfer of family contract management rights is limited, and its purpose is to break the rural land transfer restrictions, increase the farmers property income, and help the development of modern agriculture. Land management rights, as an important part of the " three-power separation policy, have been given real rights by the amendedRural Land Contracting Law of the People’s Republic of China. As an important part of agricultural land, woodland has its own unique characteristics. When applying the revisedRural Land Contracting Law of the People’s Republic of China, the land management right shall include the collective control of the mountain and the retention of the mountain, that is, the collective use of the mountain and the right to use the self-retained mountain may also create the management right of the forest through circulation. At the same time, in order to properly handle the conflict between the contractual management right and the forest land management right in the financing guarantee, and when the forest land management right that does not include forest ownership is mortgaged, the future mortgagee must assess the risk of realizing the mortgage right. In the relationship between forest land management rights and forest ownership, in general, forest ownership depends on forest land management rights, and the transfer of forest ownership must be carried out simultaneously with the transfer of forest land management rights. However, the management rights of forest land can also exist separately from the ownership of forest trees. For forests that are less dependent on forest land or have higher value of individual plants, they should acknowledge their independent forest ownership and further regulate the exercise of forest land management rights and forest ownership belonging to different entities.
The reason for establishing land management rights is that the transfer of family contract management rights is limited, and its purpose is to break the rural land transfer restrictions, increase the farmers property income, and help the development of modern agriculture. Land management rights, as an important part of the " three-power separation policy, have been given real rights by the amendedRural Land Contracting Law of the People’s Republic of China. As an important part of agricultural land, woodland has its own unique characteristics. When applying the revisedRural Land Contracting Law of the People’s Republic of China, the land management right shall include the collective control of the mountain and the retention of the mountain, that is, the collective use of the mountain and the right to use the self-retained mountain may also create the management right of the forest through circulation. At the same time, in order to properly handle the conflict between the contractual management right and the forest land management right in the financing guarantee, and when the forest land management right that does not include forest ownership is mortgaged, the future mortgagee must assess the risk of realizing the mortgage right. In the relationship between forest land management rights and forest ownership, in general, forest ownership depends on forest land management rights, and the transfer of forest ownership must be carried out simultaneously with the transfer of forest land management rights. However, the management rights of forest land can also exist separately from the ownership of forest trees. For forests that are less dependent on forest land or have higher value of individual plants, they should acknowledge their independent forest ownership and further regulate the exercise of forest land management rights and forest ownership belonging to different entities.
2019, 18(4): 47-53.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2018179
Abstract:
This study used the selective experiment method to analyze the preference and acceptance of 478 households in 10 sample counties in Liaoning Province for different transfer rights. The results show that: the price of forestland transfer, the number of forestry supportive policies, the degree of urban and rural social security coordination, the possibility of going out to work, the difficulty of being a city-dweller, and the degree of closure of resources utilization policies have significant impacts on farmers preference for forestry rights transfer, of which forestland is transferred out. The impacts of price, the number of forestry supportive policies, urban and rural social security planning, and the possibility of going out to work are positive, whilst the impacts of the difficulty of settling in the city and the degree of closure of resource utilization policies are negative. The forest land area per family, forestry subsidies and total household income significantly influencing the farmers preference for the transfer of forest rights, of which, the impact of household forestland area on farmers willingness to transfer forest rights is negative, whilst the impact of forestry subsidies and total household income is positive. It is suggested that, to promote farmers outflow of forest rights, related supporting policies should be improved, and we must coordinate the urban and rural welfare levels to protect the basic living and welfare of farmers.
This study used the selective experiment method to analyze the preference and acceptance of 478 households in 10 sample counties in Liaoning Province for different transfer rights. The results show that: the price of forestland transfer, the number of forestry supportive policies, the degree of urban and rural social security coordination, the possibility of going out to work, the difficulty of being a city-dweller, and the degree of closure of resources utilization policies have significant impacts on farmers preference for forestry rights transfer, of which forestland is transferred out. The impacts of price, the number of forestry supportive policies, urban and rural social security planning, and the possibility of going out to work are positive, whilst the impacts of the difficulty of settling in the city and the degree of closure of resource utilization policies are negative. The forest land area per family, forestry subsidies and total household income significantly influencing the farmers preference for the transfer of forest rights, of which, the impact of household forestland area on farmers willingness to transfer forest rights is negative, whilst the impact of forestry subsidies and total household income is positive. It is suggested that, to promote farmers outflow of forest rights, related supporting policies should be improved, and we must coordinate the urban and rural welfare levels to protect the basic living and welfare of farmers.
Comparison of International Competitiveness of National Forest Products along the “Belt and Road“/a>
2019, 18(4): 54-61.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2018172
Abstract:
The distribution of forest resources in countries along the " Belt and Road”is not balanced, and the development level of forest products processing industry also varies largely. Only by referring to the actual situation of different countries, can the advantages of forest products trade within the region be complementary. In this way, an objective analysis of forest products production, trade, the status quo and pattern of nations in this region is of practical significance. Based on the database of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, this paper determines a series of international competitiveness indexes of forest products, including production elements, demand conditions, market competition, management model of forest resources, higher forestry education, etc. To avoid excessive indexes and prevent duplicate information, the indexes which are strongly correlated are ruled out. On this basis we build a comprehensive and systematic international competitiveness evaluation index system of forest products, and 27 countries are selected as research object, which either have top trade amount of forest products along the Belt and Road or trade closely and frequently with China on forest products. The combination of technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and rank sum ratio method (RSR) is used to explore the issue of forest products competitiveness in countries along the Belt and Road.
The distribution of forest resources in countries along the " Belt and Road”is not balanced, and the development level of forest products processing industry also varies largely. Only by referring to the actual situation of different countries, can the advantages of forest products trade within the region be complementary. In this way, an objective analysis of forest products production, trade, the status quo and pattern of nations in this region is of practical significance. Based on the database of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, this paper determines a series of international competitiveness indexes of forest products, including production elements, demand conditions, market competition, management model of forest resources, higher forestry education, etc. To avoid excessive indexes and prevent duplicate information, the indexes which are strongly correlated are ruled out. On this basis we build a comprehensive and systematic international competitiveness evaluation index system of forest products, and 27 countries are selected as research object, which either have top trade amount of forest products along the Belt and Road or trade closely and frequently with China on forest products. The combination of technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and rank sum ratio method (RSR) is used to explore the issue of forest products competitiveness in countries along the Belt and Road.
2019, 18(4): 62-68.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019066
Abstract:
Countries along the " Belt and Road are important import markets for Chinese woody forest products. On the basis of selecting indicators from the port efficiency, customs environment, regulatory environment, e-commerce, and financial services, we build a trade facilitation measurement index system using principal component analysis, and use random frontier gravitational models to explore the trade potential of China’s importation of logs, sawn timber, wood pulp, paper and paperboard from countries along the Belt and Road. The results show that China has a large trade potential for importing sawn timber, logs, paper and paperboard from countries along the route. The countries with large import potential for paper and paperboard are India, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The countries with high potential for wood pulp import are Austria, Poland, and Slovakia. The countries with high import potential of sawn timber are Austria, Poland, and Romania. The countries with large import potential of logs are Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. There exist differences in the factors that influence the import trade potential of different woody forest products. On the whole, product complementarity, CAFTA (China-Asean Free Trade Area) and APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) membership have greater impacts on the realization of the import trade potential of wood-based forest products.
Countries along the " Belt and Road are important import markets for Chinese woody forest products. On the basis of selecting indicators from the port efficiency, customs environment, regulatory environment, e-commerce, and financial services, we build a trade facilitation measurement index system using principal component analysis, and use random frontier gravitational models to explore the trade potential of China’s importation of logs, sawn timber, wood pulp, paper and paperboard from countries along the Belt and Road. The results show that China has a large trade potential for importing sawn timber, logs, paper and paperboard from countries along the route. The countries with large import potential for paper and paperboard are India, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The countries with high potential for wood pulp import are Austria, Poland, and Slovakia. The countries with high import potential of sawn timber are Austria, Poland, and Romania. The countries with large import potential of logs are Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. There exist differences in the factors that influence the import trade potential of different woody forest products. On the whole, product complementarity, CAFTA (China-Asean Free Trade Area) and APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) membership have greater impacts on the realization of the import trade potential of wood-based forest products.
2019, 18(4): 69-75.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2019069
Abstract:
In recent years, countries with rich forest resources have introduced policies to restrict or ban the export of logs, so it is particularly necessary to study the sustainability of log trade. This paper uses ecological information-based approach to quantitatively analyze the sustainability of log trade for the first time. Firstly, we introduce the ecological information-based approach in detail, take the natural resource-based commodity,logs in woody forest products as the research object, and empirically analyze the sustainability of the foreign trade of logs in the 20 countries that led the import and export of global log trade from 2003 to 2017. The results show that the total system throughput (TST) of log trade fluctuates but rises on the whole, indicating that the log trade is growing in general. The alpha indicator of the sustainability of trade in logs has been declining year by year. This paper discusses the reasons for the sustainable decline of log trade from global economic factors and trade policy factors in various countries, and gives some suggestions for China to strengthen plantation construction and diversify import sources in response to the current situation of log trade.
In recent years, countries with rich forest resources have introduced policies to restrict or ban the export of logs, so it is particularly necessary to study the sustainability of log trade. This paper uses ecological information-based approach to quantitatively analyze the sustainability of log trade for the first time. Firstly, we introduce the ecological information-based approach in detail, take the natural resource-based commodity,logs in woody forest products as the research object, and empirically analyze the sustainability of the foreign trade of logs in the 20 countries that led the import and export of global log trade from 2003 to 2017. The results show that the total system throughput (TST) of log trade fluctuates but rises on the whole, indicating that the log trade is growing in general. The alpha indicator of the sustainability of trade in logs has been declining year by year. This paper discusses the reasons for the sustainable decline of log trade from global economic factors and trade policy factors in various countries, and gives some suggestions for China to strengthen plantation construction and diversify import sources in response to the current situation of log trade.
2019, 18(4): 76-82.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2018229
Abstract:
Based on the related diseases mortality panel data of 30 regions in China, this paper probed into the relation between mortality of chronic diseases and forest coverage by using ANOVA and panel regression. The result indicates that the higher the forest coverage, the lower the main diseases mortality:for every 1% increase in forest coverage, the lung cancer mortality decreases 1.14/105, and the breast cancer mortality decreases 0.16/105, with the same tendency in other main diseases.The positive result implicates that forests may improve residents health.
Based on the related diseases mortality panel data of 30 regions in China, this paper probed into the relation between mortality of chronic diseases and forest coverage by using ANOVA and panel regression. The result indicates that the higher the forest coverage, the lower the main diseases mortality:for every 1% increase in forest coverage, the lung cancer mortality decreases 1.14/105, and the breast cancer mortality decreases 0.16/105, with the same tendency in other main diseases.The positive result implicates that forests may improve residents health.
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