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2017 Vol. 16, No. 3
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2017, 16(3): 1-8.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017029
Abstract:
From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the forest ecosystem of Hanjiang River watershed was seriously damaged, resulting in soil erosion, river siltation and flooding disasters frequently occurring. Regarding this, some local officials, gentry, men of insight and the villagers began to introspect the relationship between forest and those natural disasters, and concurrently their ecological consciousness was gradually enhanced. Therefore, some measures to protect the ecological environment were initiated, mainly from two aspects: 1) the rural regulations to stop deforestation behavior of people from the perspective of the forest protection were formulated; 2) afforestation from trees planting was advocated to fundamentally solve the problems concerning large-scale forest destruction.
From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the forest ecosystem of Hanjiang River watershed was seriously damaged, resulting in soil erosion, river siltation and flooding disasters frequently occurring. Regarding this, some local officials, gentry, men of insight and the villagers began to introspect the relationship between forest and those natural disasters, and concurrently their ecological consciousness was gradually enhanced. Therefore, some measures to protect the ecological environment were initiated, mainly from two aspects: 1) the rural regulations to stop deforestation behavior of people from the perspective of the forest protection were formulated; 2) afforestation from trees planting was advocated to fundamentally solve the problems concerning large-scale forest destruction.
2017, 16(3): 9-13.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017023
Abstract:
The funeral of the Yi nationality is closely related to the forest, which is embodied in their life views, the return of a person's soul after death, funeral process, the selection of the cemetery, and so on; thus funeral forest culture with rich connotation has been formed. This special forest culture implies the ecological view of human and forest is isostructrural and the Yi nationality respects trees and forest. It is of great significance to reasonably deal with the relationship between human and nature, and to carry out the construction of ecological civilization.
The funeral of the Yi nationality is closely related to the forest, which is embodied in their life views, the return of a person's soul after death, funeral process, the selection of the cemetery, and so on; thus funeral forest culture with rich connotation has been formed. This special forest culture implies the ecological view of human and forest is isostructrural and the Yi nationality respects trees and forest. It is of great significance to reasonably deal with the relationship between human and nature, and to carry out the construction of ecological civilization.
2017, 16(3): 18-23.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017001
Abstract:
From the perspective of the integration of cultural landscape constitution and cultural ecology and based on the integrity of cultural heritage proposed by Jukka Jokilehto, we introduced the conception of "cultural ecological integrity" according to organically evolved cultural landscape, which emphasizes the continuity and effectiveness in the work progress of natural environment and social environment to cultural landscape. We also listed 3 features and 4 manifestations on ecological integrity of cultural landscape. Further, we proposed and expounded the principles and standards, methods, index model for evaluating the integrity degree of cultural landscape, and described the definitions of indicators in the evaluation. Finally, we classified the ecological integrity of cultural landscape in five levels through the index system and evaluation method, providing theoretical basis and practical operation for the targeted classification protection and sustainable development of future cultural landscape.
From the perspective of the integration of cultural landscape constitution and cultural ecology and based on the integrity of cultural heritage proposed by Jukka Jokilehto, we introduced the conception of "cultural ecological integrity" according to organically evolved cultural landscape, which emphasizes the continuity and effectiveness in the work progress of natural environment and social environment to cultural landscape. We also listed 3 features and 4 manifestations on ecological integrity of cultural landscape. Further, we proposed and expounded the principles and standards, methods, index model for evaluating the integrity degree of cultural landscape, and described the definitions of indicators in the evaluation. Finally, we classified the ecological integrity of cultural landscape in five levels through the index system and evaluation method, providing theoretical basis and practical operation for the targeted classification protection and sustainable development of future cultural landscape.
2017, 16(3): 24-29.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016106
Abstract:
Based on literature analysis and field survey, this article conducted a systematic analysis of the construction and management of the national parks in Korea, including the characteristics and successful experiences of the national park management in Korea. In particular, this article discussed the inspiration of the national park management in Korea on the nature reserve management in China. The development of the national parks in Korea has lasted about 50 years since the first national park was established in 1967. Nowadays the national parks in Korea are known for a sound system of management practices especially for management mechanism, environmental education, community co-management, visitor management and infrastructure construction. After 60 years of development, China's nature reserve has made a great progress in forestry resources and biodiversity conservation. Although the national park and the nature reserve are classified into different types of protected areas, there exist a lot of similarities between these two types, including biodiversity conservation, scientific research, public education and community co-management. Therefore, the successful management experiences of national parks in Korea should be beneficial to the nature reserve management in China.
Based on literature analysis and field survey, this article conducted a systematic analysis of the construction and management of the national parks in Korea, including the characteristics and successful experiences of the national park management in Korea. In particular, this article discussed the inspiration of the national park management in Korea on the nature reserve management in China. The development of the national parks in Korea has lasted about 50 years since the first national park was established in 1967. Nowadays the national parks in Korea are known for a sound system of management practices especially for management mechanism, environmental education, community co-management, visitor management and infrastructure construction. After 60 years of development, China's nature reserve has made a great progress in forestry resources and biodiversity conservation. Although the national park and the nature reserve are classified into different types of protected areas, there exist a lot of similarities between these two types, including biodiversity conservation, scientific research, public education and community co-management. Therefore, the successful management experiences of national parks in Korea should be beneficial to the nature reserve management in China.
2017, 16(3): 30-36.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017004
Abstract:
Zhenzhou Dongyuan was the most famous garden in Yizheng's history; Zhenzhou was the name of current Yizheng City in Song Dynasty, and Dongyuan means east garden. It was also one of the famous gardens in Song Dynasty in China and had an important role in Chinese garden history. The celebrities MEI Yao-chen, SU Dong-po, and WANG An-shi toured in it and left beautiful poems. OUYANG Xiu wrote a famous prose The Record of Zhenzhou Dongyuan for it. Although it disappeared in Qing Dynasty, nowadays, people wish to find the location of Zhenzhou Dongyuan and rebuild it to conserve a valuable cultural heritage for Yizheng City. Duo to the long time gone and the land form has changed greatly in Yizheng City, the Zhenzhou Dongyuan's ruins have been almost destroyed, the records of its location are very few, thus, it is extremely difficult to determine the location of Zhenzhou Dongyuan. Based on the previous researches, the authors searched the literatures and had field investigation, then determined the exact location and the boundary of Zhenzhou Dongyuan ruins. It was located where Wendun ruin is as the center, in the south of the east wing ruins of Zhenzhou city, the east of the Zhenzhou city's east gate ruins, the northern side of Confucianism ruins in Qing Dynasty, and the west of the small drill ground of soldiers.
Zhenzhou Dongyuan was the most famous garden in Yizheng's history; Zhenzhou was the name of current Yizheng City in Song Dynasty, and Dongyuan means east garden. It was also one of the famous gardens in Song Dynasty in China and had an important role in Chinese garden history. The celebrities MEI Yao-chen, SU Dong-po, and WANG An-shi toured in it and left beautiful poems. OUYANG Xiu wrote a famous prose The Record of Zhenzhou Dongyuan for it. Although it disappeared in Qing Dynasty, nowadays, people wish to find the location of Zhenzhou Dongyuan and rebuild it to conserve a valuable cultural heritage for Yizheng City. Duo to the long time gone and the land form has changed greatly in Yizheng City, the Zhenzhou Dongyuan's ruins have been almost destroyed, the records of its location are very few, thus, it is extremely difficult to determine the location of Zhenzhou Dongyuan. Based on the previous researches, the authors searched the literatures and had field investigation, then determined the exact location and the boundary of Zhenzhou Dongyuan ruins. It was located where Wendun ruin is as the center, in the south of the east wing ruins of Zhenzhou city, the east of the Zhenzhou city's east gate ruins, the northern side of Confucianism ruins in Qing Dynasty, and the west of the small drill ground of soldiers.
2017, 16(3): 37-42.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016118
Abstract:
Forestry industry is one of the sources of national economy and its development is closely related to people's livelihood. Therefore, the stability of forest farm staff is an important guarantee to ensure the smooth development of forestry. This paper explores the occupational psychological mechanism of forest farm staff from the psychological perspetive. A total of 450 questionnaires were delivered to three state-owned forest farms, and 387 questionnaires were valid, i. e., the recovery rate was 86%. The results validated the double-path model of job-related characteristics affecting the forest farm staff's happiness experiences, the job demand positively predicted subjective well-being and emotional well- being of staff. The job demand affected the happiness of staff by the mediation of job-family conflict. The more the job demand was, the more the job-family conflict was, job resources played a regulation role in the process of job demand affecting job-family conflict. Job resources positively predicted the subjective well-being and emotional well-being of forest farm staff; the job demand affected the happiness of staff by the mediation of job-family promotion. Personality traits demonstrated moderating effects on the dual-path model, specifically, the extroversion and pleasantness of the personality traits buffered the negative impact of job-family conflict on the happiness experience, the pleasantness had a moderating effect on the relationship between job-family promotion and happiness, and the pleasantness increased the positive impact of the job-family promotion to the happiness experience.
Forestry industry is one of the sources of national economy and its development is closely related to people's livelihood. Therefore, the stability of forest farm staff is an important guarantee to ensure the smooth development of forestry. This paper explores the occupational psychological mechanism of forest farm staff from the psychological perspetive. A total of 450 questionnaires were delivered to three state-owned forest farms, and 387 questionnaires were valid, i. e., the recovery rate was 86%. The results validated the double-path model of job-related characteristics affecting the forest farm staff's happiness experiences, the job demand positively predicted subjective well-being and emotional well- being of staff. The job demand affected the happiness of staff by the mediation of job-family conflict. The more the job demand was, the more the job-family conflict was, job resources played a regulation role in the process of job demand affecting job-family conflict. Job resources positively predicted the subjective well-being and emotional well-being of forest farm staff; the job demand affected the happiness of staff by the mediation of job-family promotion. Personality traits demonstrated moderating effects on the dual-path model, specifically, the extroversion and pleasantness of the personality traits buffered the negative impact of job-family conflict on the happiness experience, the pleasantness had a moderating effect on the relationship between job-family promotion and happiness, and the pleasantness increased the positive impact of the job-family promotion to the happiness experience.
2017, 16(3): 14-17.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016100
Abstract:
A mature subject must have its logic point, i. e., the key problem that should be solved by the subject in general. The paper first summarizes the logic point's concept and connotation, then the discusses the logic points of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Tourism respectively to be 'shelter', ' plant'and ' move'. Therefore, the difference of the three subjects is to solve the three fundamental problems of human beings'living at different scale, namely, 'dwelling', 'work and rest' and 'locomotion'. The common purpose of them is to satisfy the survival and living need of people and to supply healthy and beautiful environment for human beings from different scale, furthermore, to improve people's living standard and to make their lives better. At last, based on the Tourism's logic point 'move', the paper puts forward that the subject system of Tourism should include three aspects: planning and designing, reservation of nature and culture, and management.
A mature subject must have its logic point, i. e., the key problem that should be solved by the subject in general. The paper first summarizes the logic point's concept and connotation, then the discusses the logic points of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Tourism respectively to be 'shelter', ' plant'and ' move'. Therefore, the difference of the three subjects is to solve the three fundamental problems of human beings'living at different scale, namely, 'dwelling', 'work and rest' and 'locomotion'. The common purpose of them is to satisfy the survival and living need of people and to supply healthy and beautiful environment for human beings from different scale, furthermore, to improve people's living standard and to make their lives better. At last, based on the Tourism's logic point 'move', the paper puts forward that the subject system of Tourism should include three aspects: planning and designing, reservation of nature and culture, and management.
2017, 16(3): 43-48.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017006
Abstract:
Enterprises use environmental resources much more than individuals, and thus should bear more responsibility for environmental protection. The legislation for Chinese enterprises bearing environmental responsibility lags behind, we should strengthen the legislation of corporate environmental responsibility, and further improve the legal system of corporate environmental responsibility, in order to safeguard the public interest and carry out the concept of fair responsibility. Corporate environmental responsibility can be divided into environmental legal liability and environmental moral responsibility, which should be adjusted by " rigid regulation law" and " flexible promotion law" respectively. The "flexible promotion law" should also be operable in practice and guide enterprises to take the initiative to undertake higher standards of environmental responsibility. The implementation of corporate environmental liability legislation can be guaranteed by establishing and perfecting the social collaborative governance system, fully exploring the supervision role from enterprises themselves, industry associations, the department of justice, media and the third party organizations, and improving the quality and efficiency of supervision.
Enterprises use environmental resources much more than individuals, and thus should bear more responsibility for environmental protection. The legislation for Chinese enterprises bearing environmental responsibility lags behind, we should strengthen the legislation of corporate environmental responsibility, and further improve the legal system of corporate environmental responsibility, in order to safeguard the public interest and carry out the concept of fair responsibility. Corporate environmental responsibility can be divided into environmental legal liability and environmental moral responsibility, which should be adjusted by " rigid regulation law" and " flexible promotion law" respectively. The "flexible promotion law" should also be operable in practice and guide enterprises to take the initiative to undertake higher standards of environmental responsibility. The implementation of corporate environmental liability legislation can be guaranteed by establishing and perfecting the social collaborative governance system, fully exploring the supervision role from enterprises themselves, industry associations, the department of justice, media and the third party organizations, and improving the quality and efficiency of supervision.
2017, 16(3): 49-55.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017008
Abstract:
According to the survey data of 3 500 households in seven provinces in China in 2016, the influencing factors of farmers' participation in forest-specialized cooperatives were analyzed from three aspects: the basic characteristics of farmers' families, the policy of forest reform, and the forest land management situation of farm households. This paper used a binary logistic model to analyze the factors that affect the farmers' participation in the forest-specialized cooperatives, after the reform of collective forest tenure. The results show the following factors significantly affect the participation willingness of farmers in forest-specialized cooperatives: the proportion of long-term migrant workers to the number of a family's laborers, whether the head of a household is engaged in forest-related business activities, whether the head of a household is cadres, whether the head of a household has received forest technical training, the demand for forestry science and technology service, the demand for forest insurance, and the area of family's forest land.
According to the survey data of 3 500 households in seven provinces in China in 2016, the influencing factors of farmers' participation in forest-specialized cooperatives were analyzed from three aspects: the basic characteristics of farmers' families, the policy of forest reform, and the forest land management situation of farm households. This paper used a binary logistic model to analyze the factors that affect the farmers' participation in the forest-specialized cooperatives, after the reform of collective forest tenure. The results show the following factors significantly affect the participation willingness of farmers in forest-specialized cooperatives: the proportion of long-term migrant workers to the number of a family's laborers, whether the head of a household is engaged in forest-related business activities, whether the head of a household is cadres, whether the head of a household has received forest technical training, the demand for forestry science and technology service, the demand for forest insurance, and the area of family's forest land.
2017, 16(3): 56-60.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016096
Abstract:
The reform of state-owned forest farms in Sichuan Province was piloted since 2016. " The Implementation Plan for the Reform of State-owned Forest Farms in Sichuan Province" was formulated based on the Document No. 6 issued by Central Committee of Communism Party of China (CPC), indicating that the official reform of state-owned forest farms in Sichuan was initiated. Combining with the implementation of the reform program in Sichuan Province with the field survey and informal discussions, we review pilot cases on the reform of stated-owned forest farms, and the status of reform in Sichuan, and discover that there are these issues in the reform, such as the debts left over from past operations, the discrepancy between the recruitment of employees and the actual demands, and the aging of infrastructure in the farm fields. Therefore, we suggest the following measures to promote the smooth progress of the reform in Sichuan, i. e., resolving the debts, transforming employment system, and increasing infrastructure construction.
The reform of state-owned forest farms in Sichuan Province was piloted since 2016. " The Implementation Plan for the Reform of State-owned Forest Farms in Sichuan Province" was formulated based on the Document No. 6 issued by Central Committee of Communism Party of China (CPC), indicating that the official reform of state-owned forest farms in Sichuan was initiated. Combining with the implementation of the reform program in Sichuan Province with the field survey and informal discussions, we review pilot cases on the reform of stated-owned forest farms, and the status of reform in Sichuan, and discover that there are these issues in the reform, such as the debts left over from past operations, the discrepancy between the recruitment of employees and the actual demands, and the aging of infrastructure in the farm fields. Therefore, we suggest the following measures to promote the smooth progress of the reform in Sichuan, i. e., resolving the debts, transforming employment system, and increasing infrastructure construction.
2017, 16(3): 61-68.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017013
Abstract:
Zhejiang Province is a large province cultivating tea, thus raising tea yield and technical efficiency of production is essential for the income increment of tea farmers. This article uses the SFA model to analyze different planting scales and their corresponding technical efficiencies of production in Zhejiang Province. The results revealed that: 1) the scale of a tea farmer presented an inverted "U" type with technical efficiency, indicating that the technical efficiency of tea production with the scale of cultivation showed a trend of first increase and then reduction. The average output will increase by 14.79% without counting the effects of technical inefficiencies. 2) There were differences in technical efficiency of tea production under different tea-planting scales, and the technical efficiency of medium- scale tea farmer's production was the highest. 3) The influence directions and degrees of different factors on the technical efficiency of production under different tea-planting scales varied.
Zhejiang Province is a large province cultivating tea, thus raising tea yield and technical efficiency of production is essential for the income increment of tea farmers. This article uses the SFA model to analyze different planting scales and their corresponding technical efficiencies of production in Zhejiang Province. The results revealed that: 1) the scale of a tea farmer presented an inverted "U" type with technical efficiency, indicating that the technical efficiency of tea production with the scale of cultivation showed a trend of first increase and then reduction. The average output will increase by 14.79% without counting the effects of technical inefficiencies. 2) There were differences in technical efficiency of tea production under different tea-planting scales, and the technical efficiency of medium- scale tea farmer's production was the highest. 3) The influence directions and degrees of different factors on the technical efficiency of production under different tea-planting scales varied.
2017, 16(3): 69-73.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017035
Abstract:
The areas in poverty are mostly in mountainous areas with forests, thus the development of forestry economy is an important way for people to get rid of poverty. The poverty alleviation models in forestry industry include the employment of poor people as forest ranger, the development of economic forest, and the development of feed forestry industry by combining forest and husbandry industries, and the development of forestry tourism. In the development of forestry economy and the promotion practice in poverty alleviation, we are facing not only the issues such as labor workers need injury insurance, and there are natural disasters, forest fires, disease, pest risk, and market price fluctuation risk of forestry products, but also often facing the difficulties of insufficient financial support and famers are lack of confidence in the development of forestry industry. From the perspective of insurance, the forestry economy can better serve the poverty alleviation through preventing risks, increasing employment and giving Pratt & Whitney finance support, subsequently decreasing the risks in forestry economic industry chain, promoting resource elements investment, and ensuring poverty alleviation stable. Angus-base-Cow Project in Guizhou Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County is an application demonstration of innovative "insurance + " poverty alleviation model via forestry industry.
The areas in poverty are mostly in mountainous areas with forests, thus the development of forestry economy is an important way for people to get rid of poverty. The poverty alleviation models in forestry industry include the employment of poor people as forest ranger, the development of economic forest, and the development of feed forestry industry by combining forest and husbandry industries, and the development of forestry tourism. In the development of forestry economy and the promotion practice in poverty alleviation, we are facing not only the issues such as labor workers need injury insurance, and there are natural disasters, forest fires, disease, pest risk, and market price fluctuation risk of forestry products, but also often facing the difficulties of insufficient financial support and famers are lack of confidence in the development of forestry industry. From the perspective of insurance, the forestry economy can better serve the poverty alleviation through preventing risks, increasing employment and giving Pratt & Whitney finance support, subsequently decreasing the risks in forestry economic industry chain, promoting resource elements investment, and ensuring poverty alleviation stable. Angus-base-Cow Project in Guizhou Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County is an application demonstration of innovative "insurance + " poverty alleviation model via forestry industry.
2017, 16(3): 74-77.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016113
Abstract:
Management science is divided into 3 levels, i. e., standardization, refinement and personalization. According to the characteristics of forestry, the necessity of implementing fine management is clarified, and the new concept and connotation of fine management are given. Taking the Shanxi Province Taihang Mountain State-owned Forest Administration as an example, the management of forest resources, seedling raising, afforestation, and watershed management are explored and implemented on the basis of standardized management, so as to promote the reform and innovation of state-owned forest areas, and also to enhance the development of various undertakings in forest areas.
Management science is divided into 3 levels, i. e., standardization, refinement and personalization. According to the characteristics of forestry, the necessity of implementing fine management is clarified, and the new concept and connotation of fine management are given. Taking the Shanxi Province Taihang Mountain State-owned Forest Administration as an example, the management of forest resources, seedling raising, afforestation, and watershed management are explored and implemented on the basis of standardized management, so as to promote the reform and innovation of state-owned forest areas, and also to enhance the development of various undertakings in forest areas.
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