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2017 Vol. 16, No. 2
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2017, 16(2): 1-7.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016091
Abstract:
The cultivating subjects of ecological culture include the state, society and citizen. The state is the main driving body of the cultivating ecological culture, mainly provides direction framework, norms and institutional guarantee, and funding support for the cultivation of ecological culture. Society as the gathering of a whole is the major part of main body of cultivating ecological culture; the social units such as enterprises, communities, and non-governmental environmental organizations play different roles, complement each other, and co-cultivate, thus ultimately the unity of ecological society and ecological culture achieves. Citizen is the most basic subject in the cultivation of ecological culture, and citizen practice is the endless source of ecological culture. On the one hand, citizen practice is the "the last kilometer" during the cultivation of ecological culture, and the state-led and social cultivation are finally implemented in citizen practice; on the other hand, citizen practice constantly refine and enrich the content of ecological culture. The main way for citizens to cultivate ecological culture is to choose the green consumption and green life, and carry out public discussion and environmental rights protection, etc., i. e., the ultimate result is ecology from individual to whole human beings.
The cultivating subjects of ecological culture include the state, society and citizen. The state is the main driving body of the cultivating ecological culture, mainly provides direction framework, norms and institutional guarantee, and funding support for the cultivation of ecological culture. Society as the gathering of a whole is the major part of main body of cultivating ecological culture; the social units such as enterprises, communities, and non-governmental environmental organizations play different roles, complement each other, and co-cultivate, thus ultimately the unity of ecological society and ecological culture achieves. Citizen is the most basic subject in the cultivation of ecological culture, and citizen practice is the endless source of ecological culture. On the one hand, citizen practice is the "the last kilometer" during the cultivation of ecological culture, and the state-led and social cultivation are finally implemented in citizen practice; on the other hand, citizen practice constantly refine and enrich the content of ecological culture. The main way for citizens to cultivate ecological culture is to choose the green consumption and green life, and carry out public discussion and environmental rights protection, etc., i. e., the ultimate result is ecology from individual to whole human beings.
2017, 16(2): 8-13.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016117
Abstract:
The environmental justice emerging in the western environmental movement is a contemporary environmental ethics practice toward one of the important performances. At present, due to the drastic occurring of environmental problems, environmental justice emphasizes that people not only shall have the right to use natural resources, also bear the responsibility and obligation to protect the environment, thus the environmental justice has been widely recognized by the society. As a key part of ecological civilization construction, forest ecological compensation system is the strategy for balancing the ecological benefits in China; but from the perspective of the actual development, there are still many issues to be solved in the forest ecological compensation. Here based on the theory of environmental justice in environmental ethics, various injustice status in the forest ecological compensation are analyzed, then from which the current main problems in the forest ecological compensation in China and the related ethical strategies are refined, providing certain references for the perfection of the forest ecological compensation mechanism and forest ethical management.
The environmental justice emerging in the western environmental movement is a contemporary environmental ethics practice toward one of the important performances. At present, due to the drastic occurring of environmental problems, environmental justice emphasizes that people not only shall have the right to use natural resources, also bear the responsibility and obligation to protect the environment, thus the environmental justice has been widely recognized by the society. As a key part of ecological civilization construction, forest ecological compensation system is the strategy for balancing the ecological benefits in China; but from the perspective of the actual development, there are still many issues to be solved in the forest ecological compensation. Here based on the theory of environmental justice in environmental ethics, various injustice status in the forest ecological compensation are analyzed, then from which the current main problems in the forest ecological compensation in China and the related ethical strategies are refined, providing certain references for the perfection of the forest ecological compensation mechanism and forest ethical management.
2017, 16(2): 14-20.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016122
Abstract:
Sishiyoushanglu(《四时幽赏录? is a book in which literati GAO Lian in the late Ming Dynasty, living in Hangzhou for a long time, recorded the sceneries of the four seasons around the West Lake in Hangzhou. Taking this book as the research object, we first introduced GAO Lian's biography and the background he wrote the book, and then explained two key concepts of "quiet enjoyment" and "genuine interest". Further, we analyzed the naming and connotation, spatial distribution and time elements of the 48 activities of quiet enjoyment, and summarized the characteristics of literati's West Lake tour in the late Ming Dynasty combined with other documents. We concluded that the conceptions of literati's tourism changed during the period, showing the aesthetic characteristics of quietness and avoidance of noise during the travel. They not only recorded the landscapes, but also shaped the connotation and taste of the West Lake. Finally, we believe that researches on the literati's tourism literature in late Ming Dynasty is conducive to realize the temporal characteristics of landscape construction and landscape appreciation in the Ming Dynasty, and it is also beneficial to building the connotation of today's landscape construction and shaping visitors' appreciative taste.
Sishiyoushanglu(《四时幽赏录? is a book in which literati GAO Lian in the late Ming Dynasty, living in Hangzhou for a long time, recorded the sceneries of the four seasons around the West Lake in Hangzhou. Taking this book as the research object, we first introduced GAO Lian's biography and the background he wrote the book, and then explained two key concepts of "quiet enjoyment" and "genuine interest". Further, we analyzed the naming and connotation, spatial distribution and time elements of the 48 activities of quiet enjoyment, and summarized the characteristics of literati's West Lake tour in the late Ming Dynasty combined with other documents. We concluded that the conceptions of literati's tourism changed during the period, showing the aesthetic characteristics of quietness and avoidance of noise during the travel. They not only recorded the landscapes, but also shaped the connotation and taste of the West Lake. Finally, we believe that researches on the literati's tourism literature in late Ming Dynasty is conducive to realize the temporal characteristics of landscape construction and landscape appreciation in the Ming Dynasty, and it is also beneficial to building the connotation of today's landscape construction and shaping visitors' appreciative taste.
2017, 16(2): 21-28.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016098
Abstract:
German forester, Gottlieb Fenzel(1896 - 1936), devoted all his life to the China's forestry construction and development and made outstanding contributions to China, he occupied an important position in the history of modern and contemporary forestry in China. He was a forester and educator of great attainments and an international friend who had made great contributions to the development of Chinese forestry. The chronicle recorded his short but extraordinary life and academic experiences.
German forester, Gottlieb Fenzel(1896 - 1936), devoted all his life to the China's forestry construction and development and made outstanding contributions to China, he occupied an important position in the history of modern and contemporary forestry in China. He was a forester and educator of great attainments and an international friend who had made great contributions to the development of Chinese forestry. The chronicle recorded his short but extraordinary life and academic experiences.
2017, 16(2): 29-33.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016104
Abstract:
In 1896, a Germany preacher started to plant trees in Tashan, and its area reached 6 500 Mu (1 Mu = 666.67 m2) in 1944.Tashan Forest Farm was established in 1946 and changed with the time, insisting on tree planting and scientific afforestation. Relying on the forestry resources, finally the function in Tashan Forest Farm was transferred as for tourism. This paper summarizes the farm' s four development stages, also makes an objective evaluation on the Germany preacher' s contribution of improving Tashan ecological environment via afforestation, and proposes some advices on the farm' s development in the next stage.
In 1896, a Germany preacher started to plant trees in Tashan, and its area reached 6 500 Mu (1 Mu = 666.67 m2) in 1944.Tashan Forest Farm was established in 1946 and changed with the time, insisting on tree planting and scientific afforestation. Relying on the forestry resources, finally the function in Tashan Forest Farm was transferred as for tourism. This paper summarizes the farm' s four development stages, also makes an objective evaluation on the Germany preacher' s contribution of improving Tashan ecological environment via afforestation, and proposes some advices on the farm' s development in the next stage.
2017, 16(2): 34-42.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016123
Abstract:
The effectiveness of law depends on whether the law setting fits in its own lawful objectives. From its birth to several revisions, the objective of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution in P. R. China (abbreviated as the Atmospheric Law in this paper later on) has always been fine atmospheric environment quality. On the law mode setting, the Atmospheric Law still inherited the traditional mode of "illegal punishment". However, in the relationship of the Atmospheric Law, it is easy for the government and people to use "punish illegal" to trade with "illegal behavior". Moreover, the result of high quality of atmospheric environment cannot be achieved even if all individuals abide the law. Hence, the mode of "illegal punishment" is not suitable for the Atmospheric Law, and should be replaced with the more suitable environmental quality objective mode. With the environmental quality objective mode, local government is endowed with specific atmospheric environmental goals, which let the local government to set the rules of individual behavior and implement the specific regulations. By environmental quality objective mode the space of "deal" between obligor and law enforcers is eliminated, it is more effective and scientific in the regulation of individual behavior, and there has been a prototype in the setup of existing environmental laws. Therefore, the environmental quality objective mode should be implemented from the varied aspects of law concept, law settings and the governmental responsibility, etc in the Atmospheric Law.
The effectiveness of law depends on whether the law setting fits in its own lawful objectives. From its birth to several revisions, the objective of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution in P. R. China (abbreviated as the Atmospheric Law in this paper later on) has always been fine atmospheric environment quality. On the law mode setting, the Atmospheric Law still inherited the traditional mode of "illegal punishment". However, in the relationship of the Atmospheric Law, it is easy for the government and people to use "punish illegal" to trade with "illegal behavior". Moreover, the result of high quality of atmospheric environment cannot be achieved even if all individuals abide the law. Hence, the mode of "illegal punishment" is not suitable for the Atmospheric Law, and should be replaced with the more suitable environmental quality objective mode. With the environmental quality objective mode, local government is endowed with specific atmospheric environmental goals, which let the local government to set the rules of individual behavior and implement the specific regulations. By environmental quality objective mode the space of "deal" between obligor and law enforcers is eliminated, it is more effective and scientific in the regulation of individual behavior, and there has been a prototype in the setup of existing environmental laws. Therefore, the environmental quality objective mode should be implemented from the varied aspects of law concept, law settings and the governmental responsibility, etc in the Atmospheric Law.
2017, 16(2): 43-51.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016108
Abstract:
In order to more effectively protect the giant panda, a world biodiversity conservation flagship species, and solve the contradictions in the protection of pandas in the Qinling area of Shaanxi Province, first, we briefly sort the relationships between the national park and wildlife conservation briefly, then, we analyze the problems in giant panda conservation in Qinling area of Shaanxi Province, including habitat fragmentation, complex management, conflict of interest between nature reserves and communities, disordered tourism development etc. And we conclude that the national park as a type of protected area is of great significance for giant panda protection. Finally, we propose the measures for the master plan of giant panda national park in Qinling area of Shaanxi Province, i. e., integrating protected areas, reorganizing function divisions, implementing protection projects of giant panda, consummating scientific surveillance systems, developing ecotourism, guiding community participation, strengthening environmental education etc.
In order to more effectively protect the giant panda, a world biodiversity conservation flagship species, and solve the contradictions in the protection of pandas in the Qinling area of Shaanxi Province, first, we briefly sort the relationships between the national park and wildlife conservation briefly, then, we analyze the problems in giant panda conservation in Qinling area of Shaanxi Province, including habitat fragmentation, complex management, conflict of interest between nature reserves and communities, disordered tourism development etc. And we conclude that the national park as a type of protected area is of great significance for giant panda protection. Finally, we propose the measures for the master plan of giant panda national park in Qinling area of Shaanxi Province, i. e., integrating protected areas, reorganizing function divisions, implementing protection projects of giant panda, consummating scientific surveillance systems, developing ecotourism, guiding community participation, strengthening environmental education etc.
2017, 16(2): 52-55.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017018
Abstract:
SWOT analysis was used to study the internal and external environment of forest tourism in the Experimental Center for Subtropical Forestry (ECSF). The ECSF itself is predominant in resources, scientific research and geological location, but weak in the following aspects, such as too many limited factors on forestry management, insufficient investment, and poor infrastructure. The beneficial factors to the development of ESCF forest tourism from external environment are solid policy and industrial conjunction, and treating factors include the unpredictability of resource development and market situation. Here we explore the mechanism and mode of integrating scientific innovation and green industry, and make countermeasures and suggestions for the development of forest tourism characterized with the support of scientific research, including promoting the landscape construction of forest tourism, constructing demonstration areas on science popularization, expanding forest tourism publicity and promotion, highlighting forest ecological culture, actively expanding channels for raising funds, and implementing multi-function forest management model.
SWOT analysis was used to study the internal and external environment of forest tourism in the Experimental Center for Subtropical Forestry (ECSF). The ECSF itself is predominant in resources, scientific research and geological location, but weak in the following aspects, such as too many limited factors on forestry management, insufficient investment, and poor infrastructure. The beneficial factors to the development of ESCF forest tourism from external environment are solid policy and industrial conjunction, and treating factors include the unpredictability of resource development and market situation. Here we explore the mechanism and mode of integrating scientific innovation and green industry, and make countermeasures and suggestions for the development of forest tourism characterized with the support of scientific research, including promoting the landscape construction of forest tourism, constructing demonstration areas on science popularization, expanding forest tourism publicity and promotion, highlighting forest ecological culture, actively expanding channels for raising funds, and implementing multi-function forest management model.
2017, 16(2): 56-63.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016057
Abstract:
It is a inevitable trend to build ecological community in the environmental construction of residential areas, and which is an important and special content of constructing sponge city. Mantingchun MOMΛ in Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province is a classical case of sustainable environment construction for an ecological residential community. This paper mainly analyzed the overall layout for saving land in Mantingchun MOMΛ, and the applications of various ecological technologies, and low-impact development technologies in the residential areas, focusing on the ecological technologies such as ground-source heat pump, solar collector system, paving for 100% permeability, rainwater collection and utilization, landscape water quality maintenance, etc., so as to create an ecological residential community in a way of scientific conservation, which enriches the experience of sustainable construction of residential environment, and provides a reference for the environmental construction in Xunyang District of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province.
It is a inevitable trend to build ecological community in the environmental construction of residential areas, and which is an important and special content of constructing sponge city. Mantingchun MOMΛ in Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province is a classical case of sustainable environment construction for an ecological residential community. This paper mainly analyzed the overall layout for saving land in Mantingchun MOMΛ, and the applications of various ecological technologies, and low-impact development technologies in the residential areas, focusing on the ecological technologies such as ground-source heat pump, solar collector system, paving for 100% permeability, rainwater collection and utilization, landscape water quality maintenance, etc., so as to create an ecological residential community in a way of scientific conservation, which enriches the experience of sustainable construction of residential environment, and provides a reference for the environmental construction in Xunyang District of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province.
2017, 16(2): 71-75.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016068
Abstract:
Using the method of life cycle assessment (LCA), energy consumption and environmental emissions for biodiesel production fromSwida wilsonianaoil and waste cooking oil in its life cycle were quantitatively analyzed, and the result was compared with conventional diesel. The results showed that the emissions of CO, NOx, HC, and CO2in the use of biodiesel from above two materials presented the highest percentage, and the SOxemissions was mainly from the planting cycle and production cycle. The energy consumption in the life cycle of biodiesel from above two materials were higher than that of conventional diesel, the CO2emissions reduced significantly, the emissions of NOxand HC were higher than that of conventional diesel, and the emissions of CO and SOxby biodiesel were equivalent to that by conventional diesel. The energy consumption and environmental emissions in the life cycle of biodiesel from two materials showed no obvious advantages comparing to traditional diesel, but the clear advantages in CO2emissions and waste utilization.
Using the method of life cycle assessment (LCA), energy consumption and environmental emissions for biodiesel production fromSwida wilsonianaoil and waste cooking oil in its life cycle were quantitatively analyzed, and the result was compared with conventional diesel. The results showed that the emissions of CO, NOx, HC, and CO2in the use of biodiesel from above two materials presented the highest percentage, and the SOxemissions was mainly from the planting cycle and production cycle. The energy consumption in the life cycle of biodiesel from above two materials were higher than that of conventional diesel, the CO2emissions reduced significantly, the emissions of NOxand HC were higher than that of conventional diesel, and the emissions of CO and SOxby biodiesel were equivalent to that by conventional diesel. The energy consumption and environmental emissions in the life cycle of biodiesel from two materials showed no obvious advantages comparing to traditional diesel, but the clear advantages in CO2emissions and waste utilization.
2017, 16(2): 76-81.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016078
Abstract:
Under the guidance of "the Belt and Road Initiative", Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries are becoming more and more important partners in forestry exchange, cooperation, investment, and trade. At present, there are few analysis on the investment environment of CEE countries. We selected 27 indexes to have comprehensive evaluation analysis by correlation analysis, fuzzy cluster analysis, and factor analysis. The results showed that investment environment of 16 CEE countries could be divided into 4 groups, which were closely related to their geographical location and could be the reference for forestry enterprises. Through the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation model, the comprehensive investment ranking of 16 countries was obtained. Estonia is the country with the highest comprehensive score, followings were Latvia, Czech, and Lithuania. Bosnia was in the lowest score, the followings were Serbia and Albania. The above analysis provides technical reference for forestry cooperation strategy between China and CEE countries.
Under the guidance of "the Belt and Road Initiative", Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries are becoming more and more important partners in forestry exchange, cooperation, investment, and trade. At present, there are few analysis on the investment environment of CEE countries. We selected 27 indexes to have comprehensive evaluation analysis by correlation analysis, fuzzy cluster analysis, and factor analysis. The results showed that investment environment of 16 CEE countries could be divided into 4 groups, which were closely related to their geographical location and could be the reference for forestry enterprises. Through the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation model, the comprehensive investment ranking of 16 countries was obtained. Estonia is the country with the highest comprehensive score, followings were Latvia, Czech, and Lithuania. Bosnia was in the lowest score, the followings were Serbia and Albania. The above analysis provides technical reference for forestry cooperation strategy between China and CEE countries.
2017, 16(2): 71-75.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016068
Abstract:
Using the method of life cycle assessment (LCA), energy consumption and environmental emissions for biodiesel production from Swida wilsoniana oil and waste cooking oil in its life cycle were quantitatively analyzed, and the result was compared with conventional diesel. The results showed that the emissions of CO, NOx , HC, and CO2 in the use of biodiesel from above two materials presented the highest percentage, and the SOx emissions was mainly from the planting cycle and production cycle. The energy consumption in the life cycle of biodiesel from above two materials were higher than that of conventional diesel, the CO2 emissions reduced significantly, the emissions of NOx and HC were higher than that of conventional diesel, and the emissions of CO and SOx by biodiesel were equivalent to that by conventional diesel. The energy consumption and environmental emissions in the life cycle of biodiesel from two materials showed no obvious advantages comparing to traditional diesel, but the clear advantages in CO2 emissions and waste utilization.
Using the method of life cycle assessment (LCA), energy consumption and environmental emissions for biodiesel production from Swida wilsoniana oil and waste cooking oil in its life cycle were quantitatively analyzed, and the result was compared with conventional diesel. The results showed that the emissions of CO, NOx , HC, and CO2 in the use of biodiesel from above two materials presented the highest percentage, and the SOx emissions was mainly from the planting cycle and production cycle. The energy consumption in the life cycle of biodiesel from above two materials were higher than that of conventional diesel, the CO2 emissions reduced significantly, the emissions of NOx and HC were higher than that of conventional diesel, and the emissions of CO and SOx by biodiesel were equivalent to that by conventional diesel. The energy consumption and environmental emissions in the life cycle of biodiesel from two materials showed no obvious advantages comparing to traditional diesel, but the clear advantages in CO2 emissions and waste utilization.
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