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2016 Vol. 15, No. 4
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2016, 15(4): 1-8.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016022
Abstract:
There are different emphases on harmony between man and nature by Marx and Whitehead: Marx focused on exploring the social and historical philosophy based on the practical activities of human for guiding the harmony of the nature and human; while Whitehead paid more attentions to natural philosophy to develop the harmonious dialogue between human and nature by resorting to the aesthetic and value orientation. Nevertheless, either Marx or Whitehead, both established harmonious value purport on the relationship between human and nature. Similarly, they also pointed out the goal of ecological civilization: to restore the universe harmony with the order of beauty, and finally to achieve the goal of the relationships between human and nature, individual and individual, individual human and himself being harmonized, which provides the beneficial enlightenment for the human-being coping with ecological problems and building up the new thinking paradigm of the relationship between human and nature.
There are different emphases on harmony between man and nature by Marx and Whitehead: Marx focused on exploring the social and historical philosophy based on the practical activities of human for guiding the harmony of the nature and human; while Whitehead paid more attentions to natural philosophy to develop the harmonious dialogue between human and nature by resorting to the aesthetic and value orientation. Nevertheless, either Marx or Whitehead, both established harmonious value purport on the relationship between human and nature. Similarly, they also pointed out the goal of ecological civilization: to restore the universe harmony with the order of beauty, and finally to achieve the goal of the relationships between human and nature, individual and individual, individual human and himself being harmonized, which provides the beneficial enlightenment for the human-being coping with ecological problems and building up the new thinking paradigm of the relationship between human and nature.
2016, 15(4): 9-15.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016010
Abstract:
Forest culture is a form of culture generated during the interactions between forest and human being while forest ecological system as a carrier. Forest culture is the source and indivisible component of Chinese culture. The forms of forest culture derived from the varied regions, nations, areas of countryside and city, and countries present diversely. Comparing and analyzing the various forms of forest culture in different regions, nations, areas of countryside and city, countries, and itself provide the prospects and another reference system for people to understand the vivid and unfailing forest culture.
Forest culture is a form of culture generated during the interactions between forest and human being while forest ecological system as a carrier. Forest culture is the source and indivisible component of Chinese culture. The forms of forest culture derived from the varied regions, nations, areas of countryside and city, and countries present diversely. Comparing and analyzing the various forms of forest culture in different regions, nations, areas of countryside and city, countries, and itself provide the prospects and another reference system for people to understand the vivid and unfailing forest culture.
2016, 15(4): 16-24.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016041
Abstract:
This article reviews the session 1 ~ 6 of forest culture seminar, as well as analyzed and evaluated the research progress on the domestic forest culture in last 10 years (20052015). These 10 years are the time in which innovations on theories and practices of forest culture were developed, a steady flow of achievements on researches of forest culture was acquired, forest culture industry was booming, forest culture introduced new elements to modern forestry industry, and forest culture and ecological civilization enhanced each other's beauty and were well-matched. The ideologies and values of forest culture awakened the ecological awareness of whole nation, refined the spiritual sentiment of people, and united a group of researchers who are committed to forest culture. The vivid ecological ideologies of green, diversity, recycling and symbiosis of forest culture have been penetrating into every aspect of social life, led the trend in the era, enriched and uplifted the connotations of modern forestry industry, therefore promoted the construction of ecological civilization and Beautiful China. Finally, the theoretical studies and practical explorations on forest culture in future were prospected and discussed.
This article reviews the session 1 ~ 6 of forest culture seminar, as well as analyzed and evaluated the research progress on the domestic forest culture in last 10 years (20052015). These 10 years are the time in which innovations on theories and practices of forest culture were developed, a steady flow of achievements on researches of forest culture was acquired, forest culture industry was booming, forest culture introduced new elements to modern forestry industry, and forest culture and ecological civilization enhanced each other's beauty and were well-matched. The ideologies and values of forest culture awakened the ecological awareness of whole nation, refined the spiritual sentiment of people, and united a group of researchers who are committed to forest culture. The vivid ecological ideologies of green, diversity, recycling and symbiosis of forest culture have been penetrating into every aspect of social life, led the trend in the era, enriched and uplifted the connotations of modern forestry industry, therefore promoted the construction of ecological civilization and Beautiful China. Finally, the theoretical studies and practical explorations on forest culture in future were prospected and discussed.
2016, 15(4): 25-31.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016043
Abstract:
Qing Dynasty is a period of rapid development in Chinese traditional timber market when timber were circulated and traded frequently. Hubei Province is located in the middle reaches of Yangtze River, and is rich in timber resources and developed as the main basis of timber trade. Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province, developed to be a national famous wood distribution center at the end of the Qing Dynasty because as transportation junction of nine provinces冶it is convenient by waterway. Wood businessmen from all over the country gathered here and formed powerful wood business organizations. With the support of capital turnover provided by the developed financial institutions, the long-distance transportation of wood was supported; therefore there was huge selling volume and a wide market. The timber in Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces was collected in Hubei Province and then transported to South Yangtze River and Beijing, which greatly contributed to the garden construction, the strengthening of canal embankment, urban development, etc. A review of this episode of history will help us find out how timber trade operated in Qing Dynasty, which will provide certain references for the development of modern forestry in China.
Qing Dynasty is a period of rapid development in Chinese traditional timber market when timber were circulated and traded frequently. Hubei Province is located in the middle reaches of Yangtze River, and is rich in timber resources and developed as the main basis of timber trade. Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei Province, developed to be a national famous wood distribution center at the end of the Qing Dynasty because as transportation junction of nine provinces冶it is convenient by waterway. Wood businessmen from all over the country gathered here and formed powerful wood business organizations. With the support of capital turnover provided by the developed financial institutions, the long-distance transportation of wood was supported; therefore there was huge selling volume and a wide market. The timber in Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces was collected in Hubei Province and then transported to South Yangtze River and Beijing, which greatly contributed to the garden construction, the strengthening of canal embankment, urban development, etc. A review of this episode of history will help us find out how timber trade operated in Qing Dynasty, which will provide certain references for the development of modern forestry in China.
2016, 15(4): 32-37.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016053
Abstract:
The Baishacuizhujiang Village was one of the famous gardens in Qing Dynasty in Yizheng County, and located in the north bank of the Yangtze River with beautiful scenery of many scenic spots. Many celebrities, for example, SHI Tao, CAO Yin, and WU Jing-zi created a lot of widely-loved poems by the inspiration while touring it. Unfortunately, this garden was destroyed in the later period of Qing Dynasty. The local personages have been hoping it could be rebuilt. Since the information of the location and the owner of the garden were too sketchy, and also all relics as material evidences were lack, therefore, for a long time, its location and the whole name of the owner with YU as family name cannot be identified. Here after the literature analysis and field investigation, the location of the Baishacuizhujiang Village is determined as in Huayuan group of Dongsheng village, and the name of the owner was YU Xi.
The Baishacuizhujiang Village was one of the famous gardens in Qing Dynasty in Yizheng County, and located in the north bank of the Yangtze River with beautiful scenery of many scenic spots. Many celebrities, for example, SHI Tao, CAO Yin, and WU Jing-zi created a lot of widely-loved poems by the inspiration while touring it. Unfortunately, this garden was destroyed in the later period of Qing Dynasty. The local personages have been hoping it could be rebuilt. Since the information of the location and the owner of the garden were too sketchy, and also all relics as material evidences were lack, therefore, for a long time, its location and the whole name of the owner with YU as family name cannot be identified. Here after the literature analysis and field investigation, the location of the Baishacuizhujiang Village is determined as in Huayuan group of Dongsheng village, and the name of the owner was YU Xi.
Practice and Improvement of Administrative Discretion Standard in Forestry Administrative Punishment
2016, 15(4): 38-45.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016009
Abstract:
Administrative discretion standard is internal self-restraint rules in an administrative organization, which is expected for effectively controlling the abuse of administrative power. Introduction of the administrative discretion standard system into forestry administrative punishment will be conducive to unify the discretion scale and improve the level of forestry administrative punishment. In recent years, the rich experience for the construction of forestry administrative discretion standard system has been accumulated from the local practice of formulating the discretion standard of forestry administrative punishment. Meanwhile, there are many differences on scope, type, lattice division, punishment range, and principle in the local standards because of multiple decision-making bodies and arbitrary standard setting. The applicable rules of discretion standard and decision-making bodies of specific discretion standards should be clearly distinguished. Moreover, the applicable rules of forestry administrative discretion standard and an unified standard should be set for whole China by the bureau of forestry administration in State Council, and then the local discretion standards should be modified accordingly by provincial forestry departments, therefore, China's forestry administrative discretion standard system may be improved.
Administrative discretion standard is internal self-restraint rules in an administrative organization, which is expected for effectively controlling the abuse of administrative power. Introduction of the administrative discretion standard system into forestry administrative punishment will be conducive to unify the discretion scale and improve the level of forestry administrative punishment. In recent years, the rich experience for the construction of forestry administrative discretion standard system has been accumulated from the local practice of formulating the discretion standard of forestry administrative punishment. Meanwhile, there are many differences on scope, type, lattice division, punishment range, and principle in the local standards because of multiple decision-making bodies and arbitrary standard setting. The applicable rules of discretion standard and decision-making bodies of specific discretion standards should be clearly distinguished. Moreover, the applicable rules of forestry administrative discretion standard and an unified standard should be set for whole China by the bureau of forestry administration in State Council, and then the local discretion standards should be modified accordingly by provincial forestry departments, therefore, China's forestry administrative discretion standard system may be improved.
2016, 15(4): 46-51.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016082
Abstract:
The emission of embodied carbon in woody forest product industry in China is calculated based on the input-output table of 2002, 2007 and 2012. LMDI decomposition method is applied to analyze the dynamic change of embodied carbon emission in woody forest product industry. The results show that the emission of embodied carbon in recent years tends to rise. The woody forest product with high emission of embodied carbon are mostly exported to foreign countries, and the carbon emission consumed in the intermediate during producing woody forest goods was high, thus there is still much room on the reduction of carbon emission. The driving factors that contribute to the rising of embodied carbon emissions in woody forest product industry are ranked as following: economic output, population size and energy structure. Energy intensity is the major factor eliminating the emission of embodied carbon in the woody forest product industry.
The emission of embodied carbon in woody forest product industry in China is calculated based on the input-output table of 2002, 2007 and 2012. LMDI decomposition method is applied to analyze the dynamic change of embodied carbon emission in woody forest product industry. The results show that the emission of embodied carbon in recent years tends to rise. The woody forest product with high emission of embodied carbon are mostly exported to foreign countries, and the carbon emission consumed in the intermediate during producing woody forest goods was high, thus there is still much room on the reduction of carbon emission. The driving factors that contribute to the rising of embodied carbon emissions in woody forest product industry are ranked as following: economic output, population size and energy structure. Energy intensity is the major factor eliminating the emission of embodied carbon in the woody forest product industry.
2016, 15(4): 52-61.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016067
Abstract:
Based on the survey data of 163 households in Sanming of Fujian, DEA-Tobit model was used to analyze the scale efficiency and influencing factors of single-household operation on bamboo forestland. In terms of efficiency estimates, the average overall scale efficiency of operation on bamboo forest by single-household farmer in the surveyed area of Fujian Province was 0.91, and the average scale efficiency of forestland was 0.86, from which it could be seen that the scale efficiency of overall operation on bamboo forest was high, but the scale efficiency of forestland as a factor was low. The optimal size of single-household operation of forestland was 4 ~4.67 hm2, which allowed the allocation ratio of the input to output element to be relatively coordinated well, however, the operation efficiency of farmers with small-or middle-scales still need to be improved. Regarding the influence factors, there was a positive correlation between the scale efficiency of operation on bamboo forest and the influencing factors of the number of family labors, the experience of forestry management engagement, and forest area; while the gender and age of householder, and costs in production period showed the reverse changes in the relationship with scale efficiency. Finally, according to the analysis of the factors affecting the scale efficiency, the following suggestions were proposed, i. e. , determining the proper size for optimal scale efficiency of forestland based on the specific situation of local, fully supporting the famers with middle-or small-scales of bamboo forestland, and enhancing the capabilities of forestry operators.
Based on the survey data of 163 households in Sanming of Fujian, DEA-Tobit model was used to analyze the scale efficiency and influencing factors of single-household operation on bamboo forestland. In terms of efficiency estimates, the average overall scale efficiency of operation on bamboo forest by single-household farmer in the surveyed area of Fujian Province was 0.91, and the average scale efficiency of forestland was 0.86, from which it could be seen that the scale efficiency of overall operation on bamboo forest was high, but the scale efficiency of forestland as a factor was low. The optimal size of single-household operation of forestland was 4 ~4.67 hm2, which allowed the allocation ratio of the input to output element to be relatively coordinated well, however, the operation efficiency of farmers with small-or middle-scales still need to be improved. Regarding the influence factors, there was a positive correlation between the scale efficiency of operation on bamboo forest and the influencing factors of the number of family labors, the experience of forestry management engagement, and forest area; while the gender and age of householder, and costs in production period showed the reverse changes in the relationship with scale efficiency. Finally, according to the analysis of the factors affecting the scale efficiency, the following suggestions were proposed, i. e. , determining the proper size for optimal scale efficiency of forestland based on the specific situation of local, fully supporting the famers with middle-or small-scales of bamboo forestland, and enhancing the capabilities of forestry operators.
2016, 15(4): 62-67.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016072
Abstract:
Evaluating the recreation value of a forest park is increasingly important for understanding its operation benefit and asset management of its resources. Based on the TCM, the recreational value of the Fuzhou National Forest Park was evaluated. Totally 200 questionnaires were distributed, and the returned valid questionnaires were 190. After calculation and estimation, the conclusions were as such: the travel cost per capita was 258.29 RMB Yuan, the surplus per capita was 14.68 RMB Yuan, and the recreation value of the Fuzhou National Forest Park in 2016 was about 1.297 billion RMB Yuan. In addition, the relationship between travel cost and the social and economic characteristics of tourists were analyzed, and we found that family's income significantly resulted in the positive impact on travel cost.
Evaluating the recreation value of a forest park is increasingly important for understanding its operation benefit and asset management of its resources. Based on the TCM, the recreational value of the Fuzhou National Forest Park was evaluated. Totally 200 questionnaires were distributed, and the returned valid questionnaires were 190. After calculation and estimation, the conclusions were as such: the travel cost per capita was 258.29 RMB Yuan, the surplus per capita was 14.68 RMB Yuan, and the recreation value of the Fuzhou National Forest Park in 2016 was about 1.297 billion RMB Yuan. In addition, the relationship between travel cost and the social and economic characteristics of tourists were analyzed, and we found that family's income significantly resulted in the positive impact on travel cost.
2016, 15(4): 68-70.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016038
Abstract:
Under the background of new normal economic development in China, the research on employment absorptive capacities in different industries is very necessary, which is beneficial to carry out industrial structure adjustment and employment stability. Based on the analysis of industrial characteristics of employment with different levels of education, this paper analyzes the effects of the correlations between various industries on the employments at different educational levels, and then further studies the direct and indirect employment absorptive capacities at different educational levels in each industry using input-output model. The research results suggest that manufacturing, construction and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery are the most dominated sectors absorbing the persons with high school or below educated, especially primary school or below educated; while the attraction to labors with higher education is mainly reflected on indirect path. The key sectors of employing labors with higher education are education, public management, social security, social organization, et al. The development of emerging industries and the upgrading of traditional industries increase the demand for high-level talents. Under such new situation, policy makers should take corresponding measures to actively guide the labors with different education levels, especially college and university graduates to understand the employment selection tendency aiming to make their selections synchronized with industrial development and structural adjustment, and also systematically consider the adjustment of educational structure, employment structure and industrial structure.
Under the background of new normal economic development in China, the research on employment absorptive capacities in different industries is very necessary, which is beneficial to carry out industrial structure adjustment and employment stability. Based on the analysis of industrial characteristics of employment with different levels of education, this paper analyzes the effects of the correlations between various industries on the employments at different educational levels, and then further studies the direct and indirect employment absorptive capacities at different educational levels in each industry using input-output model. The research results suggest that manufacturing, construction and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery are the most dominated sectors absorbing the persons with high school or below educated, especially primary school or below educated; while the attraction to labors with higher education is mainly reflected on indirect path. The key sectors of employing labors with higher education are education, public management, social security, social organization, et al. The development of emerging industries and the upgrading of traditional industries increase the demand for high-level talents. Under such new situation, policy makers should take corresponding measures to actively guide the labors with different education levels, especially college and university graduates to understand the employment selection tendency aiming to make their selections synchronized with industrial development and structural adjustment, and also systematically consider the adjustment of educational structure, employment structure and industrial structure.
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