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2016 Vol. 15, No. 1
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2016, 15(1): 1-17.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015022
Abstract:
This paper discusses three questions from philosophy perspectives: (1) What is the ecological civilization? (2) What is the role of ecological civilization? (3) What is the Chinese ecological civilization? Ecological civilization is the accurate recognition and reflection of the relations between humans and nature, which is based on the fundamental problem of philosophy. Ecological civilization is certainly baked into human's conception of philosophy, history, nature and value. The main role is to indicate the formation and implementation of the theory, thinking and institution of ecological civilization. Ecological civilization is the basic guarantee to achieve the sustainable development of the Chinese Nation and Beautiful China.
This paper discusses three questions from philosophy perspectives: (1) What is the ecological civilization? (2) What is the role of ecological civilization? (3) What is the Chinese ecological civilization? Ecological civilization is the accurate recognition and reflection of the relations between humans and nature, which is based on the fundamental problem of philosophy. Ecological civilization is certainly baked into human's conception of philosophy, history, nature and value. The main role is to indicate the formation and implementation of the theory, thinking and institution of ecological civilization. Ecological civilization is the basic guarantee to achieve the sustainable development of the Chinese Nation and Beautiful China.
2016, 15(1): 18-23.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015069
Abstract:
LI Genyuan attached great importance to forestry when he was the governor of Shaanxi Province in 1917. He proposed a series of ideas and implemented many measures such as disseminating comprehensive benefits of forest, protecting forests and trees, advocating afforestation, developing regional forestry economy and forestry education, improving forestry production conditions, and so on, to develop forestry of Shaanxi and improve the bad ecological environment. Though these measures terminated three months later because of the thwarting by warlords, LI Genyuan's forestry thoughts and measures played an active role in reversing the trend of ecological deterioration and changing the social and economic depression situation in this region, and showed advanced ecological consciousness and forestry awareness, conforming to the trend of history. They can still offer us some enlightenment on forestry and ecological construction nowadays.
LI Genyuan attached great importance to forestry when he was the governor of Shaanxi Province in 1917. He proposed a series of ideas and implemented many measures such as disseminating comprehensive benefits of forest, protecting forests and trees, advocating afforestation, developing regional forestry economy and forestry education, improving forestry production conditions, and so on, to develop forestry of Shaanxi and improve the bad ecological environment. Though these measures terminated three months later because of the thwarting by warlords, LI Genyuan's forestry thoughts and measures played an active role in reversing the trend of ecological deterioration and changing the social and economic depression situation in this region, and showed advanced ecological consciousness and forestry awareness, conforming to the trend of history. They can still offer us some enlightenment on forestry and ecological construction nowadays.
2016, 15(1): 26-30.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015018
Abstract:
Based on the collection and study of related literatures of forestry history in German and English, we summarized the related literatures of forest management science, and reviewed the process of creating forest management science by forestry pioneers, for instance, Carlowitz and Cotta. Forest management science is the important content of world's forestry, a critical phase of forestry science development, and the root of forestry science in the world; it results in the profound influences on the forestry development and education in the world.
Based on the collection and study of related literatures of forestry history in German and English, we summarized the related literatures of forest management science, and reviewed the process of creating forest management science by forestry pioneers, for instance, Carlowitz and Cotta. Forest management science is the important content of world's forestry, a critical phase of forestry science development, and the root of forestry science in the world; it results in the profound influences on the forestry development and education in the world.
A Preliminary Study on the Timber Trade in Hunan Province During the Period of the Republic of China
2016, 15(1): 29-33.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015035
Abstract:
Hunan Province is one of main timber producing areas in China. Because there is a network of rivercourses in Hunan and the transport of timber mainly relies upon rivercourse, thus the timber markets are distributed in the hubs of forest districts and river transportation. During the period of the Republic of China, due to the development of cities and the construction of modern industries, the drastic increase of timber demand promoted the flourishing of timber trade in Hunan. However, the over- deforestation in Hunan led to severe damages to forests, and caused ecological imbalance. This paper recalls and summarizes the history of timber trade in Hunan in this period, which may provide certain references to the sustainable development of present forestry economy and ecological construction in China.
Hunan Province is one of main timber producing areas in China. Because there is a network of rivercourses in Hunan and the transport of timber mainly relies upon rivercourse, thus the timber markets are distributed in the hubs of forest districts and river transportation. During the period of the Republic of China, due to the development of cities and the construction of modern industries, the drastic increase of timber demand promoted the flourishing of timber trade in Hunan. However, the over- deforestation in Hunan led to severe damages to forests, and caused ecological imbalance. This paper recalls and summarizes the history of timber trade in Hunan in this period, which may provide certain references to the sustainable development of present forestry economy and ecological construction in China.
2016, 15(1): 34-37.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015160
Abstract:
The 6th session of Forest Culture Seminar was held by Beijing Forestry University on September 2015, in which 12 scholars presented their researches. The scholars summarized and prospected the studies on forest culture from two aspects: status and heritage, and expansion and integration. During 10 years since the first session was held in 2005, there have been growing research achievements on forest culture, and the studies on forest culture have been flourishing as never before; however, there are still existing varied issues. How to develop and strength the achieved research results, and adjust the current methods and fields of studying forest culture in the background of constructing a Beautiful China, is still recognized as the focus in the future.
The 6th session of Forest Culture Seminar was held by Beijing Forestry University on September 2015, in which 12 scholars presented their researches. The scholars summarized and prospected the studies on forest culture from two aspects: status and heritage, and expansion and integration. During 10 years since the first session was held in 2005, there have been growing research achievements on forest culture, and the studies on forest culture have been flourishing as never before; however, there are still existing varied issues. How to develop and strength the achieved research results, and adjust the current methods and fields of studying forest culture in the background of constructing a Beautiful China, is still recognized as the focus in the future.
2016, 15(1): 38-45.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015091
Abstract:
As the reform of collective forest tenure has achieved periodical success, forest tenure became a key word in constituting forest ecological civilization. It is selfevident that forest tenure as the right of private property would encourage the social resources to engage into silviculture and forestry development. However, the complete privatization of forest resources would cause the ignorance of its social values such as the resort of recreation and quarry of basic energy for life maintenance. Therefore, it is necessary to restrain the exclusivity of forest tenure in order to protect the reasonable interests of other forest users. The right of entrance into forest (the right to linger in forest) legislated in oversea statutes might provide the strong reference values to the scarce legislative practices and theoretical researches of this field in China.
As the reform of collective forest tenure has achieved periodical success, forest tenure became a key word in constituting forest ecological civilization. It is selfevident that forest tenure as the right of private property would encourage the social resources to engage into silviculture and forestry development. However, the complete privatization of forest resources would cause the ignorance of its social values such as the resort of recreation and quarry of basic energy for life maintenance. Therefore, it is necessary to restrain the exclusivity of forest tenure in order to protect the reasonable interests of other forest users. The right of entrance into forest (the right to linger in forest) legislated in oversea statutes might provide the strong reference values to the scarce legislative practices and theoretical researches of this field in China.
2016, 15(1): 46-50.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015095
Abstract:
The research on interpretive demand is the basis of building and optimizing the interpretive systems in tourist attractions. Studying interpretive demands from the point of interpretive audiences demands for the optimization of interpretive systems would be more effectively communicate environmental knowledge to them, therefore inspiring them to respect nature, comply with nature and protect nature. Adopting questionnaire survey, the study made an analysis of the types of interpretive audiences and their interpretive demands in Beijing Botanical Garden. Regarding the types of interpretive audiences, there are 4 types of interpretive audiences according to the definition by Stewart in 1998, i. e. , they are Seekers, Stumblers, Shadowers and Shunners. After surveying in Beijing Botanical Garden, about 1/2 of them were Seekers, and approximate 1/3 of them were Stumblers, and the proportion of Shadowers and Shunners was the smallest. Concurrently, the interpretive demands and differential demands from different interpretive audiences in Beijing Botanical Garden were systematically studied from 3 aspects of interpretive media, interpretive contents and interpretive activities. Finally, combing the current situation of interpretive demands from different types of audiences and the interpretive system in Beijing Botanical Garden, the targeted suggestions about optimizing the interpretive system are put forward.
The research on interpretive demand is the basis of building and optimizing the interpretive systems in tourist attractions. Studying interpretive demands from the point of interpretive audiences demands for the optimization of interpretive systems would be more effectively communicate environmental knowledge to them, therefore inspiring them to respect nature, comply with nature and protect nature. Adopting questionnaire survey, the study made an analysis of the types of interpretive audiences and their interpretive demands in Beijing Botanical Garden. Regarding the types of interpretive audiences, there are 4 types of interpretive audiences according to the definition by Stewart in 1998, i. e. , they are Seekers, Stumblers, Shadowers and Shunners. After surveying in Beijing Botanical Garden, about 1/2 of them were Seekers, and approximate 1/3 of them were Stumblers, and the proportion of Shadowers and Shunners was the smallest. Concurrently, the interpretive demands and differential demands from different interpretive audiences in Beijing Botanical Garden were systematically studied from 3 aspects of interpretive media, interpretive contents and interpretive activities. Finally, combing the current situation of interpretive demands from different types of audiences and the interpretive system in Beijing Botanical Garden, the targeted suggestions about optimizing the interpretive system are put forward.
2016, 15(1): 51-55.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015083
Abstract:
Embodying the regional characteristics is a must aspect in the design of a city's landscape. This article dissects the problems existing in the design of recreational facilities from the perspective of sociology. After comparing the characteristics of typical foreign recreational facilities with Chinese counterparts and analyzing the evolving features of ancient Chinese recreational facilities, the article emphasizes the core role of the recreational facility's quality in building a city's spiritual and cultural image. Finally, while having Wuhan's typical recreational facilities as examples, the article expounds the design method of combining the recreational facilities with the regional characteristics. The main purpose of the article is to provide references for the design of recreational facilities in other cities, and promote the diversified urban cultural developments in whole China.
Embodying the regional characteristics is a must aspect in the design of a city's landscape. This article dissects the problems existing in the design of recreational facilities from the perspective of sociology. After comparing the characteristics of typical foreign recreational facilities with Chinese counterparts and analyzing the evolving features of ancient Chinese recreational facilities, the article emphasizes the core role of the recreational facility's quality in building a city's spiritual and cultural image. Finally, while having Wuhan's typical recreational facilities as examples, the article expounds the design method of combining the recreational facilities with the regional characteristics. The main purpose of the article is to provide references for the design of recreational facilities in other cities, and promote the diversified urban cultural developments in whole China.
2016, 15(1): 56-63.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015096
Abstract:
Since the reform and opening of policies in early 1980s, the economic development of our country is astounding. However, because the development path was not so scientific and intensive, which led the shortage of all kinds of resources, especially the land resources. These issues reversely are restricting our country's development, affecting people's life, and gradually attracting the attentions of people. Regarding the current situation of land resources in the cities are in severe shortage, but a lot of marginal areas are used in inefficient way even wasted very seriously, and combing the urgent demand of building economic-type society, thus we adapted the ideology of economic-type landscape design, i. e, investigating the marginal areas of a city, analyzing the necessity and feasibility of landscape utilization of marginal areas, and summarizing the major principles of landscape utilization of marginal areas. Using Sheraton Spring Hotel in Haikou City, Hainan Province as a case, this paper discussed the application of landscape utilization of marginal areas in the landscape design, which may provide the reference for the landscape utilization of other marginal areas in the city.
Since the reform and opening of policies in early 1980s, the economic development of our country is astounding. However, because the development path was not so scientific and intensive, which led the shortage of all kinds of resources, especially the land resources. These issues reversely are restricting our country's development, affecting people's life, and gradually attracting the attentions of people. Regarding the current situation of land resources in the cities are in severe shortage, but a lot of marginal areas are used in inefficient way even wasted very seriously, and combing the urgent demand of building economic-type society, thus we adapted the ideology of economic-type landscape design, i. e, investigating the marginal areas of a city, analyzing the necessity and feasibility of landscape utilization of marginal areas, and summarizing the major principles of landscape utilization of marginal areas. Using Sheraton Spring Hotel in Haikou City, Hainan Province as a case, this paper discussed the application of landscape utilization of marginal areas in the landscape design, which may provide the reference for the landscape utilization of other marginal areas in the city.
2016, 15(1): 64-70.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015090
Abstract:
The public requirements in eco-culture construction of Shenzhen and Xi'an City were comparatively analyzed, induced and discussed by questionnaire survey. The results showed that: 1) regarding perception carrier of eco-culture, the residents in both Shenzhen and Xi'an strongly preferred nature areas, however, the residents in Shenzhen more preferred function-oriented space, while in Xi'an location-oriented space. 2) on the event carrier, the residents in both cities preferred the social service, the experiential, and the festival eco-cultural activities. 3) for the eco-cultural product, the residents in two cities understood it incompletely, and the recognition to the service types of eco-cultural products was very low (even more significantly in Xi'an); and there should be more development potential for the health-care eco-cultural products in Shenzhen and media eco-cultural products in Xi'an. 4) considering educational carrier, the residents in two cities showed unbalance in the structure of ecological knowledge, and they were caring about the local environmental problems and situations, and concerning the relationship between the environment and their daily life. Moreover, the natural experience and pavilion were the most favorable educational methods to the residents in both cities, while the residents in Shenzhen preferred the versatile learning ways by multiple methods, and the residents in Xi'an more liked different learning ways in the differential separated spaces.
The public requirements in eco-culture construction of Shenzhen and Xi'an City were comparatively analyzed, induced and discussed by questionnaire survey. The results showed that: 1) regarding perception carrier of eco-culture, the residents in both Shenzhen and Xi'an strongly preferred nature areas, however, the residents in Shenzhen more preferred function-oriented space, while in Xi'an location-oriented space. 2) on the event carrier, the residents in both cities preferred the social service, the experiential, and the festival eco-cultural activities. 3) for the eco-cultural product, the residents in two cities understood it incompletely, and the recognition to the service types of eco-cultural products was very low (even more significantly in Xi'an); and there should be more development potential for the health-care eco-cultural products in Shenzhen and media eco-cultural products in Xi'an. 4) considering educational carrier, the residents in two cities showed unbalance in the structure of ecological knowledge, and they were caring about the local environmental problems and situations, and concerning the relationship between the environment and their daily life. Moreover, the natural experience and pavilion were the most favorable educational methods to the residents in both cities, while the residents in Shenzhen preferred the versatile learning ways by multiple methods, and the residents in Xi'an more liked different learning ways in the differential separated spaces.
2016, 15(1): 71-78.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015099
Abstract:
The international trade benefit is one of the indicators of important reference value that measures whether or not a country takes part in the international trade. With the development of global value chain, the value-added trade has been still the research hotspot in the field of international trade. Comparing to the traditional statistics method of trade, it is practically significant to measure a country's actual profit in the international trade and its status in the international division of labor from the prospective of value-added trade. Here from the angle of value-added trade, we systematically sort the evolution process of the researches on international trade benefits in the literatures of international trade. Then we summarize and comment both theoretical methods and empirical researches on the measurement of value-added trade, and the deficiency of researches on China's forest product trade benefits. Moreover, we re-examine the profits from China's forest product trade, and determine the development direction of China's forest product trade from the value-added trade point of view.
The international trade benefit is one of the indicators of important reference value that measures whether or not a country takes part in the international trade. With the development of global value chain, the value-added trade has been still the research hotspot in the field of international trade. Comparing to the traditional statistics method of trade, it is practically significant to measure a country's actual profit in the international trade and its status in the international division of labor from the prospective of value-added trade. Here from the angle of value-added trade, we systematically sort the evolution process of the researches on international trade benefits in the literatures of international trade. Then we summarize and comment both theoretical methods and empirical researches on the measurement of value-added trade, and the deficiency of researches on China's forest product trade benefits. Moreover, we re-examine the profits from China's forest product trade, and determine the development direction of China's forest product trade from the value-added trade point of view.
2016, 15(1): 78-85.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015058
Abstract:
The classification of stakeholders is of great significance in the differential management of them. In order to study the quantitative classification method of stakeholders, this paper firstly proposed an innovative construction method for stakeholders'social network model based on superimposed behaviors, which allowed the relationship of stakeholders visualized. Secondly, the quantitative classification method about the influences of stakeholders was proposed, i. e. , the stakeholders were classified as the type of core and border. Combing with the life cycle of a project, above concepts were validated with a case of biogas engineering from Baibi Biogas Professional Cooperative. The results demonstrated that different stakeholders at the same stage of a life cycle belonged to the different types, and one stakeholder at the different stage of a life cycle also was in the different type. This advanced method fits in engineering practice, and owns great significance in implementing differential management of stakeholders as well as improving the efficiency of project management.
The classification of stakeholders is of great significance in the differential management of them. In order to study the quantitative classification method of stakeholders, this paper firstly proposed an innovative construction method for stakeholders'social network model based on superimposed behaviors, which allowed the relationship of stakeholders visualized. Secondly, the quantitative classification method about the influences of stakeholders was proposed, i. e. , the stakeholders were classified as the type of core and border. Combing with the life cycle of a project, above concepts were validated with a case of biogas engineering from Baibi Biogas Professional Cooperative. The results demonstrated that different stakeholders at the same stage of a life cycle belonged to the different types, and one stakeholder at the different stage of a life cycle also was in the different type. This advanced method fits in engineering practice, and owns great significance in implementing differential management of stakeholders as well as improving the efficiency of project management.
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