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2015 Vol. 14, No. 4
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2015, 14(4): 1-8.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015021
Abstract:
From the effective protection of forest resources of view, the protection system of forests managed mainly by state during Qin and Han dynasties experienced a historical stage of gradually weakening, and the administrative ensuring of protecting forests was weakened from the L(laws) and Ling(decrees) in the early Qing Dynasty to the Yueling(monthly customary regulations) in Han Dynasty. Comparing the historical records and unearthed documents, the implementation of articles on the protection of forest resources was in real dilemma as even imperial rescript was only hanged on the wall without actual implementation. The root cause of the historical change was the weakening of legislative system on forestry. The relatively complete system of official forestry management was gradually dismissed, and replaced by the unofficial organizations serving royal family, such as Shaofu(in charge of the land, water and handicraft manufacture in Qing Dynasty), Shuihengdouwei(in charge of property, money cast, ship building and the management of water system in Han Dynasty) and Jiangzuodajiang(in Han Dynasty, the same function as Shaofu); moreover it was featured as the huge efforts on logging and harvesting, but little on management and culture.
From the effective protection of forest resources of view, the protection system of forests managed mainly by state during Qin and Han dynasties experienced a historical stage of gradually weakening, and the administrative ensuring of protecting forests was weakened from the L(laws) and Ling(decrees) in the early Qing Dynasty to the Yueling(monthly customary regulations) in Han Dynasty. Comparing the historical records and unearthed documents, the implementation of articles on the protection of forest resources was in real dilemma as even imperial rescript was only hanged on the wall without actual implementation. The root cause of the historical change was the weakening of legislative system on forestry. The relatively complete system of official forestry management was gradually dismissed, and replaced by the unofficial organizations serving royal family, such as Shaofu(in charge of the land, water and handicraft manufacture in Qing Dynasty), Shuihengdouwei(in charge of property, money cast, ship building and the management of water system in Han Dynasty) and Jiangzuodajiang(in Han Dynasty, the same function as Shaofu); moreover it was featured as the huge efforts on logging and harvesting, but little on management and culture.
2015, 14(4): 9-13.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015053
Abstract:
Based on the relationship between language and culture, and combined with the basic characteristics of forest culture, the importance of linguistics in the study of forest culture is pointed out. Simultaneously, taking the dialect of Western Hunan as an example, some effective ways to study forest culture from the language materials are put forward, and it is proved in theory and practices that studying forest culture from the perspective of linguistics is promising.
Based on the relationship between language and culture, and combined with the basic characteristics of forest culture, the importance of linguistics in the study of forest culture is pointed out. Simultaneously, taking the dialect of Western Hunan as an example, some effective ways to study forest culture from the language materials are put forward, and it is proved in theory and practices that studying forest culture from the perspective of linguistics is promising.
2015, 14(4): 14-16.
Abstract:
Based on the practical experiences of many years, the methodology on the history of forestry science and technology in China is summarized here, consisting of 6 steps: collecting literatures, surveying, visiting historical sites, analyzing relics, simulating test, and comprehensive study. Collecting literatures is a critical measure to acquire the materials for the study. Surveying may remedy the missing or unclear parts in the literatures. Visiting historical sites and analyzing relics allow the problems analyzed from different professional aspects. Simulating test helps us validate, analyze and identify the contents in the ancient literatures. By comprehensive study we may theoretically find out the regularity of development of forestry science and technology in China.
Based on the practical experiences of many years, the methodology on the history of forestry science and technology in China is summarized here, consisting of 6 steps: collecting literatures, surveying, visiting historical sites, analyzing relics, simulating test, and comprehensive study. Collecting literatures is a critical measure to acquire the materials for the study. Surveying may remedy the missing or unclear parts in the literatures. Visiting historical sites and analyzing relics allow the problems analyzed from different professional aspects. Simulating test helps us validate, analyze and identify the contents in the ancient literatures. By comprehensive study we may theoretically find out the regularity of development of forestry science and technology in China.
2015, 14(4): 17-22.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015079
Abstract:
Environmental protection and human development have been being two major common issues faced by the international community. People have paid increasing attention to the negative impact of environmental degradation on women's survival and development, and have realized the great significance of women's participation in environmental protection to sustainable development and women's own development. This study discusses the profound relationship between gender and environmental issue, studies the formulation of policy on the gender mainstreaming in the international community as well as the status of applying the policy, and makes specific suggestions on how to advance gender mainstreaming in environmental projects. In view of the essential relation between gender and environmental issue, only gender mainstreaming is fully integrated into the full course of environmental projects, then it is feasible to eliminate gender discrimination during coordinating the relationship between man and nature, advance human equality, and accomplish the coordinated development of the human society and environmental protection.
Environmental protection and human development have been being two major common issues faced by the international community. People have paid increasing attention to the negative impact of environmental degradation on women's survival and development, and have realized the great significance of women's participation in environmental protection to sustainable development and women's own development. This study discusses the profound relationship between gender and environmental issue, studies the formulation of policy on the gender mainstreaming in the international community as well as the status of applying the policy, and makes specific suggestions on how to advance gender mainstreaming in environmental projects. In view of the essential relation between gender and environmental issue, only gender mainstreaming is fully integrated into the full course of environmental projects, then it is feasible to eliminate gender discrimination during coordinating the relationship between man and nature, advance human equality, and accomplish the coordinated development of the human society and environmental protection.
2015, 14(4): 23-32.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015050
Abstract:
Camping in Europe and America has been practiced for over 100 years, and the academic studies on camping tourism also have been doing for nearly 50 years. This paper firstly reviewed the development process of European and American camping tourism, then systematically sorted the concept of abroad camping tourism, and finally summarized the main areas, methods and trend of researches on the camping tourism. The study found out that firstly the Western researches focused on the camping organizations or institutions, campsite selectionplanningconstructionoperation and management, statistics of population in camping, and the motivation of camping. The research methods, such as the qualitative study while quantitatively dominant, the multivariate statistical analysis, and qualitative research with questionnaire survey have become the mainstream. Secondly, in most western countries and regions, the promotion by government was indispensable driving force for camping tourism. The relevant researches cover paying high attentions to the relation between camping tourism and environment, building multiple methods to understand the psychological demands of the campers, and increasing the utilization efficiency of campsite and participation degree of public camping. Finally camping tourism is an important content and new trend of forest tourism in China; in the future, we should make further researches on contradiction between camping tourism activities and forest ecological environment and how to reduce the ecological negative impact in tourism planning practice. Moreover, how to efficiently develop camping tourism in the forest along with the changes of the national forest right and forestry management system will become the era issue.
Camping in Europe and America has been practiced for over 100 years, and the academic studies on camping tourism also have been doing for nearly 50 years. This paper firstly reviewed the development process of European and American camping tourism, then systematically sorted the concept of abroad camping tourism, and finally summarized the main areas, methods and trend of researches on the camping tourism. The study found out that firstly the Western researches focused on the camping organizations or institutions, campsite selectionplanningconstructionoperation and management, statistics of population in camping, and the motivation of camping. The research methods, such as the qualitative study while quantitatively dominant, the multivariate statistical analysis, and qualitative research with questionnaire survey have become the mainstream. Secondly, in most western countries and regions, the promotion by government was indispensable driving force for camping tourism. The relevant researches cover paying high attentions to the relation between camping tourism and environment, building multiple methods to understand the psychological demands of the campers, and increasing the utilization efficiency of campsite and participation degree of public camping. Finally camping tourism is an important content and new trend of forest tourism in China; in the future, we should make further researches on contradiction between camping tourism activities and forest ecological environment and how to reduce the ecological negative impact in tourism planning practice. Moreover, how to efficiently develop camping tourism in the forest along with the changes of the national forest right and forestry management system will become the era issue.
2015, 14(4): 33-37.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015077
Abstract:
According to the internationally recognized principle of authenticity in the renovation of ancient buildings, it has become a globally accepted ideal that the timber materials used in the maintenance of ancient wooden constructions should be of the same species and quality as the original ones and be processed in the same method. This paper discusses the special nature of the maintenance material used in the ancient wooden buildings of the world heritage, then explores the functions of the urban forest which has been developing rapidly in China in recent years, and puts forward the following proposals: we should get knowledge of the material requirements of ancient wooden buildings after surveying them, then make urban forest play a new function of nurturing the special maintenance material for ancient wooden buildings by adjusting the urban green space planning, and finally achieve sustainable preservation and inheritance of the important cultural heritage of our country in the long-term strategically.
According to the internationally recognized principle of authenticity in the renovation of ancient buildings, it has become a globally accepted ideal that the timber materials used in the maintenance of ancient wooden constructions should be of the same species and quality as the original ones and be processed in the same method. This paper discusses the special nature of the maintenance material used in the ancient wooden buildings of the world heritage, then explores the functions of the urban forest which has been developing rapidly in China in recent years, and puts forward the following proposals: we should get knowledge of the material requirements of ancient wooden buildings after surveying them, then make urban forest play a new function of nurturing the special maintenance material for ancient wooden buildings by adjusting the urban green space planning, and finally achieve sustainable preservation and inheritance of the important cultural heritage of our country in the long-term strategically.
2015, 14(4): 38-44.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015078
Abstract:
The study area of Green Infrastructure ( GI) is expanded by the introduction of multidisciplinary research. The combing of the research framework of GI can reveal its main field, development trends and research hotspots, which provides the theoretical basis for further studies. CiteSpace, a scientific knowledge mapping analysis software, is used in this article to systematically study the achievements in GI research. The results show that the development of GI research is widely diffused. The most fruitful country is the United States of America. The main field of GI includes 5 aspects, namely landscape, cities, ecology, planning, and management. The research hotspots are biodiversity, ecosystem service, stormwater management, and etc. A comprehensive study of the charts reveal two major weaknesses of the GI research, the lacking of aesthetics and culture, and the deficiency of implementation and management. These two shortages deserve further GI research.
The study area of Green Infrastructure ( GI) is expanded by the introduction of multidisciplinary research. The combing of the research framework of GI can reveal its main field, development trends and research hotspots, which provides the theoretical basis for further studies. CiteSpace, a scientific knowledge mapping analysis software, is used in this article to systematically study the achievements in GI research. The results show that the development of GI research is widely diffused. The most fruitful country is the United States of America. The main field of GI includes 5 aspects, namely landscape, cities, ecology, planning, and management. The research hotspots are biodiversity, ecosystem service, stormwater management, and etc. A comprehensive study of the charts reveal two major weaknesses of the GI research, the lacking of aesthetics and culture, and the deficiency of implementation and management. These two shortages deserve further GI research.
2015, 14(4): 45-53.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015085
Abstract:
The abandoned coal mine land (ACML) accounts for a large proportion in Chinese mining waste land, has serious environmental impacts and causes land destruction, so the demand for its remediation is urgent. Having landscape regeneration mode of ACML as the major object of study, we analyzed the potential landscape functions and usage conditions of different types of ACML, explore the feasibilities and approaches of landscape regeneration of ACML, and summarize the planning and design principles and methods which are regular in patterns and can be applied widely. The landscape regeneration of ACML involves many aspects and problems, and requires comprehensive research methods that are interdisciplinary and systematic. This research, based on the theories of landscape architecture, as well as the theoretical framework composed of interdisciplinary disturbance theory and location theory, explored the ways of implementing landscape regeneration for ACML.
The abandoned coal mine land (ACML) accounts for a large proportion in Chinese mining waste land, has serious environmental impacts and causes land destruction, so the demand for its remediation is urgent. Having landscape regeneration mode of ACML as the major object of study, we analyzed the potential landscape functions and usage conditions of different types of ACML, explore the feasibilities and approaches of landscape regeneration of ACML, and summarize the planning and design principles and methods which are regular in patterns and can be applied widely. The landscape regeneration of ACML involves many aspects and problems, and requires comprehensive research methods that are interdisciplinary and systematic. This research, based on the theories of landscape architecture, as well as the theoretical framework composed of interdisciplinary disturbance theory and location theory, explored the ways of implementing landscape regeneration for ACML.
2015, 14(4): 54-59.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015070
Abstract:
Starting with the process of unity between ecology and landscape planning and design, this paper highlights that ecology as a discipline of science is the source of creativity, imagination as well as an indispensable technical means in landscape design. Through the creative representation of landscape, landscape architects may help people to understand the abstract concepts and knowledge of ecology, which thereby could benefit the theoretical studies and practices related with sustainable urban development. Based on the high-profile landscape design cases, the thinking and representation process of ecology in the landscape design are expounded from 6 aspects, including technical means, representation tools, metaphor, pattern, adaptability, and form of procedurization, which provides new ideas for the closer unity between ecological theory and landscape design practice at present and in future.
Starting with the process of unity between ecology and landscape planning and design, this paper highlights that ecology as a discipline of science is the source of creativity, imagination as well as an indispensable technical means in landscape design. Through the creative representation of landscape, landscape architects may help people to understand the abstract concepts and knowledge of ecology, which thereby could benefit the theoretical studies and practices related with sustainable urban development. Based on the high-profile landscape design cases, the thinking and representation process of ecology in the landscape design are expounded from 6 aspects, including technical means, representation tools, metaphor, pattern, adaptability, and form of procedurization, which provides new ideas for the closer unity between ecological theory and landscape design practice at present and in future.
2015, 14(4): 60-64.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015087
Abstract:
Based on the data of rosin market, this paper analyzes the demand market and the demand structure of rosin industry in China. The total market demand of rosin is about 571,000 t/ a. Product supply, production cost, product competition, and product substitution are the major factors influencing rosin's supply, demand and price in Chinese market. The rapid development of rosin production in the world has brought intense competitions and severe challenges for rosin industry in our country, and the emergence of a variety of alternative products has even a greater impacts on the production of rosin in China. We propose that Chinas rosin industry should follow the ideas of transformation from quantity to quality, and from low-cost applications to high level development. Technological innovation should be encouraged to enhance competitiveness and reduce the cost of production. We should implement the strategy of industry transferring, upgrading and innovating so as to produce green and healthy products.
Based on the data of rosin market, this paper analyzes the demand market and the demand structure of rosin industry in China. The total market demand of rosin is about 571,000 t/ a. Product supply, production cost, product competition, and product substitution are the major factors influencing rosin's supply, demand and price in Chinese market. The rapid development of rosin production in the world has brought intense competitions and severe challenges for rosin industry in our country, and the emergence of a variety of alternative products has even a greater impacts on the production of rosin in China. We propose that Chinas rosin industry should follow the ideas of transformation from quantity to quality, and from low-cost applications to high level development. Technological innovation should be encouraged to enhance competitiveness and reduce the cost of production. We should implement the strategy of industry transferring, upgrading and innovating so as to produce green and healthy products.
2015, 14(4): 65-72.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015075
Abstract:
Sanqiao People is the marginal ethnic group who moved from Qiuli, Jingzhou of Hunan Province to the border areas of Liping and Jinping counties in Southwestern Guizhou Province because of the exploitation of mountain areas along Qingshui River during the Qing Dynasty. The patterns of migration and settlement and ethnic residential segregation of Sanqiao People are both materialized metaphor of cooperation, distinction, resistance generated in resources competition in the area, as well as a cultural protection and a cultural expression for the necessity of ethnic survival. The pattern of ethnic residential segregation in co-living environment of multiple ethnic groups is not only a form of ethnic boundary distinction, also a necessary form of constructing ethnic identity.
Sanqiao People is the marginal ethnic group who moved from Qiuli, Jingzhou of Hunan Province to the border areas of Liping and Jinping counties in Southwestern Guizhou Province because of the exploitation of mountain areas along Qingshui River during the Qing Dynasty. The patterns of migration and settlement and ethnic residential segregation of Sanqiao People are both materialized metaphor of cooperation, distinction, resistance generated in resources competition in the area, as well as a cultural protection and a cultural expression for the necessity of ethnic survival. The pattern of ethnic residential segregation in co-living environment of multiple ethnic groups is not only a form of ethnic boundary distinction, also a necessary form of constructing ethnic identity.
2015, 14(4): 73-77.
doi:10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2015113
Abstract:
Using the system of subjective evaluation method as the leading way, this article is to explore the suitable range of subjective evaluation methods of the built environment in order to promote the oretical applying scope of the evaluation methods. The subjective evaluation methods of the built environment, i. e. , cognitive map survey, free report evaluation of the evaluated objects, and open- ended questionnaire, were systematically used to profoundly analyze and study the campus environment of Chinese Academy of Forestry. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the campus's buildings and the quality of the environment; the main axis was recognized as the core area of building elements; the office area was understood as the center of the environmental image by the staff; and the distance between buildings, the convenience of transportation and the greening levels played the important roles in the evaluation of environmental quality in the campus. At the same time, the representativeness of the selected samples was not so sufficient, but taking use of a variety of methods might make up the deficiency of research point.
Using the system of subjective evaluation method as the leading way, this article is to explore the suitable range of subjective evaluation methods of the built environment in order to promote the oretical applying scope of the evaluation methods. The subjective evaluation methods of the built environment, i. e. , cognitive map survey, free report evaluation of the evaluated objects, and open- ended questionnaire, were systematically used to profoundly analyze and study the campus environment of Chinese Academy of Forestry. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the campus's buildings and the quality of the environment; the main axis was recognized as the core area of building elements; the office area was understood as the center of the environmental image by the staff; and the distance between buildings, the convenience of transportation and the greening levels played the important roles in the evaluation of environmental quality in the campus. At the same time, the representativeness of the selected samples was not so sufficient, but taking use of a variety of methods might make up the deficiency of research point.
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