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2014 Vol. 13, No. 1
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2014, 13(1): 1-8.
Abstract:
China's forestry development strategy (FDS) has gone through three major stages since the 1980s: the FDS that was centered on afforestation and protection in the 1980s; that was guided by the sustainable development theory in the 1990s; and that focuses on ecological construction since 2000. The status and role of forestry are rising continuously in China爷s national economy and social development. In order to better serve the overall development strategy of the national economy, the orientation of China's FDS adjustment has turned from meeting domestic economic and social development needs, to simultaneously taking into considerations the international political and economic development situations. China's FDS researches should keep improving quantitative research methods based on forest inventory data, and deepening the studies on the strategic elements.
China's forestry development strategy (FDS) has gone through three major stages since the 1980s: the FDS that was centered on afforestation and protection in the 1980s; that was guided by the sustainable development theory in the 1990s; and that focuses on ecological construction since 2000. The status and role of forestry are rising continuously in China爷s national economy and social development. In order to better serve the overall development strategy of the national economy, the orientation of China's FDS adjustment has turned from meeting domestic economic and social development needs, to simultaneously taking into considerations the international political and economic development situations. China's FDS researches should keep improving quantitative research methods based on forest inventory data, and deepening the studies on the strategic elements.
2014, 13(1): 9-13.
Abstract:
Since being occupied by Germany in the late nineteenth century, Qingdao had established special government departments to manage forestry. The functions of the departments included mountain afforestation and urban greening. During the period of the Republic of China, Qingdao had a set of forestry regulations despite the disordered political situation. These regulations can be divided into two kinds: the rules which regulated the staff and system, and the rules which regulated the management of forestry affairs. Before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, the woodland area of Qingdao reached 239 thousand mu, the largest in modern times, because of the implementation of the regulations. Afterwards, the woodland area plummeted for the war damage. In 1949, it was less than 60 thousand mu.
Since being occupied by Germany in the late nineteenth century, Qingdao had established special government departments to manage forestry. The functions of the departments included mountain afforestation and urban greening. During the period of the Republic of China, Qingdao had a set of forestry regulations despite the disordered political situation. These regulations can be divided into two kinds: the rules which regulated the staff and system, and the rules which regulated the management of forestry affairs. Before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, the woodland area of Qingdao reached 239 thousand mu, the largest in modern times, because of the implementation of the regulations. Afterwards, the woodland area plummeted for the war damage. In 1949, it was less than 60 thousand mu.
2014, 13(1): 14-19.
Abstract:
As one of the brilliant leaders of CCP and Chinese government, Wan Li has attached much importance and made great contributions to environmental protection and afforestation. In his key instructions, speeches, talks and writings, Wan Li has put forward important environmental protection thinking which insists that environmental protection should serve the people, economic development should coordinate with environmental protection, industrial pollution should be prevented by reasonabledesign and planning, environmental protection should have faith in and rely on the masses of people, city planning and management should be stressed and well dealt with, and the efforts to do well in afforestation is beneficial to future generations. These ideas are of great guiding significance for the advancement of China's environmental protection and socialist ecological civilization construction.
As one of the brilliant leaders of CCP and Chinese government, Wan Li has attached much importance and made great contributions to environmental protection and afforestation. In his key instructions, speeches, talks and writings, Wan Li has put forward important environmental protection thinking which insists that environmental protection should serve the people, economic development should coordinate with environmental protection, industrial pollution should be prevented by reasonabledesign and planning, environmental protection should have faith in and rely on the masses of people, city planning and management should be stressed and well dealt with, and the efforts to do well in afforestation is beneficial to future generations. These ideas are of great guiding significance for the advancement of China's environmental protection and socialist ecological civilization construction.
2014, 13(1): 20-25.
Abstract:
Huai Nan Zi, as one of the representative works of Taoism in Qin and Han dynasties, contains abundant forestry thoughts, highlighting natural, political and humanistic theories whose basic connotation is that forests should be valued, protected and appreciated. Under the influence of Taoism, Huai Nan Zi reflects a strong sense of nature, integrity and harmony. These thoughts are extremely profound and outstanding in Qin and Han dynasties. In essence, they are the organic integration of natural ecology and humanistic ecology, whose core concept of nature-human integration and nature- human harmony has precious enlightenment on and significance to the realization of body-mind harmony and harmony of the world in modern human society.
Huai Nan Zi, as one of the representative works of Taoism in Qin and Han dynasties, contains abundant forestry thoughts, highlighting natural, political and humanistic theories whose basic connotation is that forests should be valued, protected and appreciated. Under the influence of Taoism, Huai Nan Zi reflects a strong sense of nature, integrity and harmony. These thoughts are extremely profound and outstanding in Qin and Han dynasties. In essence, they are the organic integration of natural ecology and humanistic ecology, whose core concept of nature-human integration and nature- human harmony has precious enlightenment on and significance to the realization of body-mind harmony and harmony of the world in modern human society.
2014, 13(1): 26-32.
Abstract:
Forest culture is a cultural phenomenon on the basis of forest. Forest cultural tourism resources are an attraction complex, which is created and developed in the process of human being's understanding and utilization of forest. Fujian Province, a main forest zone in South China, possesses abundant forest resources, great ecological environment, and evident location advantage as well as distinctive and various cultural patterns, such as forest landscape culture, forest folk culture, culture of trees, flower culture, tea culture, bamboo culture and geomantic culture. Furthermore, Fujian Province is an integrated multi-national district with Hakka culture, Min-tai culture and forest culture. Forest cultural tourism resources, as the essence of natural and cultural heritages of human society, needs more care of human beings. The exploitation of tourism resources should be based on sustainable development strategy, characteristic strategy, brand strategy and innovation strategy.
Forest culture is a cultural phenomenon on the basis of forest. Forest cultural tourism resources are an attraction complex, which is created and developed in the process of human being's understanding and utilization of forest. Fujian Province, a main forest zone in South China, possesses abundant forest resources, great ecological environment, and evident location advantage as well as distinctive and various cultural patterns, such as forest landscape culture, forest folk culture, culture of trees, flower culture, tea culture, bamboo culture and geomantic culture. Furthermore, Fujian Province is an integrated multi-national district with Hakka culture, Min-tai culture and forest culture. Forest cultural tourism resources, as the essence of natural and cultural heritages of human society, needs more care of human beings. The exploitation of tourism resources should be based on sustainable development strategy, characteristic strategy, brand strategy and innovation strategy.
2014, 13(1): 33-39.
Abstract:
Owing to the popularity of ecotourism in US, it is necessary to delve in some masterminds of wilderness in ecoliterature from the perspective of ecological aesthetics so as to get a clear picture of how the American mindset on wilderness has come into being and how ecological aesthetic in US ecoliterature has exerted profound impact and shaped US ecotourism in turn. This paper first compares the two aesthetics, scenic and ecological aesthetic, and traces the burgeoning of ecological aesthetic in US, the sublime in particular, to its frontier hypothesis. Then it probes the deepening of ecological aesthetic in US with the case study of several influential eco-writers on wilderness, among which are Henry Thoreau爷s making wilderness home, John Muir's founding of national parks, Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic, Edward Abbey's spatial beauty, and wilderness in a broader sense from other US eco-writers. Finally with regard to problems arising from Chinese ecotourism, the enlightenments of US ecoliterature on Chinese ecotourism is suggested.
Owing to the popularity of ecotourism in US, it is necessary to delve in some masterminds of wilderness in ecoliterature from the perspective of ecological aesthetics so as to get a clear picture of how the American mindset on wilderness has come into being and how ecological aesthetic in US ecoliterature has exerted profound impact and shaped US ecotourism in turn. This paper first compares the two aesthetics, scenic and ecological aesthetic, and traces the burgeoning of ecological aesthetic in US, the sublime in particular, to its frontier hypothesis. Then it probes the deepening of ecological aesthetic in US with the case study of several influential eco-writers on wilderness, among which are Henry Thoreau爷s making wilderness home, John Muir's founding of national parks, Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic, Edward Abbey's spatial beauty, and wilderness in a broader sense from other US eco-writers. Finally with regard to problems arising from Chinese ecotourism, the enlightenments of US ecoliterature on Chinese ecotourism is suggested.
2014, 13(1): 40-44.
Abstract:
Ecological crisis is one of the consequences of modernity promoted by the logic of capital. Carrying the human greed, capital has inherent connection with western thinking and culture, such as the confirmation of modern wealth power theory冶coordinates, the construction and building of rational economic man? the formation of value commensuration冶universalization. At present, the fundamental way out of the ecological predicament is not to destroy the capital. A deep reflection on the human production and life style so as to recover the objective relation冶between man and nature is the indispensible thinking mode to resolve the modern ecological crisis
Ecological crisis is one of the consequences of modernity promoted by the logic of capital. Carrying the human greed, capital has inherent connection with western thinking and culture, such as the confirmation of modern wealth power theory冶coordinates, the construction and building of rational economic man? the formation of value commensuration冶universalization. At present, the fundamental way out of the ecological predicament is not to destroy the capital. A deep reflection on the human production and life style so as to recover the objective relation冶between man and nature is the indispensible thinking mode to resolve the modern ecological crisis
2014, 13(1): 45-50.
Abstract:
After defining the concept of eco-culture construction, the paper elaborates its planning area, planning period and planning aim. On operational level it puts forward the execution process of the plan for eco-cultural construction which includes collection of data, analysis of current situation, and development of planning and feedback after finishing. Then it studies the cases of the planning in Nanjing, Xi'an and Jiujiang cities, and divides urban eco-culture construction into three main segments: structure layout based on social demands, spatial layout based on the resource distribution, key projects based on the social background. Then the details on how to carry them out are also discussed.
After defining the concept of eco-culture construction, the paper elaborates its planning area, planning period and planning aim. On operational level it puts forward the execution process of the plan for eco-cultural construction which includes collection of data, analysis of current situation, and development of planning and feedback after finishing. Then it studies the cases of the planning in Nanjing, Xi'an and Jiujiang cities, and divides urban eco-culture construction into three main segments: structure layout based on social demands, spatial layout based on the resource distribution, key projects based on the social background. Then the details on how to carry them out are also discussed.
2014, 13(1): 51-57.
Abstract:
Using the typology and pattern language as theoretical base and comparison and analysis as research methods, this paper points out the space structure features of classical Chinese and Western gardens after discussing the ideal space structures for human beings in their myths, and summarizes four modes of ideal space in the world as well as their space structure modes: the cross-shaped mode,one pool with one hill,one pool with three islands, and enclosure and opening. It also analyzes the reasons for structure differences between classical Chinese gardens and Western ones, and explains the factors leading to the complicated space structure in classical Chinese gardens.
Using the typology and pattern language as theoretical base and comparison and analysis as research methods, this paper points out the space structure features of classical Chinese and Western gardens after discussing the ideal space structures for human beings in their myths, and summarizes four modes of ideal space in the world as well as their space structure modes: the cross-shaped mode,one pool with one hill,one pool with three islands, and enclosure and opening. It also analyzes the reasons for structure differences between classical Chinese gardens and Western ones, and explains the factors leading to the complicated space structure in classical Chinese gardens.
2014, 13(1): 58-64.
Abstract:
In order to make the renovation of country parks爷public facilities more reasonable and scientific, this paper analyzes the problems of public facilities in Dongshen Bajia Country Park using the post occupancy evaluation method and space syntax. For public facilities in country parks with a relatively wide scope of service radius, the service radius can be smaller than that of scenic parks, but greater than that of city parks. For public facilities with a relatively small scope of service radius, the service scope of the tour lines of high integration can be smaller than that of city parks, while the service scope of tour lines of low integration can be made greater than that of city parks
In order to make the renovation of country parks爷public facilities more reasonable and scientific, this paper analyzes the problems of public facilities in Dongshen Bajia Country Park using the post occupancy evaluation method and space syntax. For public facilities in country parks with a relatively wide scope of service radius, the service radius can be smaller than that of scenic parks, but greater than that of city parks. For public facilities with a relatively small scope of service radius, the service scope of the tour lines of high integration can be smaller than that of city parks, while the service scope of tour lines of low integration can be made greater than that of city parks
2014, 13(1): 65-70.
Abstract:
This paper evaluates the landscape resources of Dushan Forest Park in Hebei Province using comprehensive scoring method based on systematic classification of landscape resources. The most representative and attractive landscape resources of the park are selected. It also tests and reviews the quality grade of landscape resources of the park. Some suggestions are put forward, including protecting important forest resources, maintaining ecology areas and Taoism historical sites, building science education base and controlling the development intensity for its sustainable development and utilization.
This paper evaluates the landscape resources of Dushan Forest Park in Hebei Province using comprehensive scoring method based on systematic classification of landscape resources. The most representative and attractive landscape resources of the park are selected. It also tests and reviews the quality grade of landscape resources of the park. Some suggestions are put forward, including protecting important forest resources, maintaining ecology areas and Taoism historical sites, building science education base and controlling the development intensity for its sustainable development and utilization.
2014, 13(1): 71-76.
Abstract:
This paper first describes the present situation of land degradation and its prevention and control in western China, and overviews the People's Republic of China-Global Environment Facility (PRC-GEF) Partnership on Land Degradation in Dryland Ecosystems. Furthermore, based on the investigation statistics from 56 sample counties, the paper analyzes the achievements and successful experiences of the prevention and control of land degradation under the background of international partnership. The research shows the practices of prevention and control of land degradation in western China not only effectively facilitate desertification prevention and control and biodiversity protection, but also promote the livelihood of farmers and herdsmen. The partnership project also realizes global environmental benefits to tackle the climate change and achieves satisfactory ecological, economical and social benefits.
This paper first describes the present situation of land degradation and its prevention and control in western China, and overviews the People's Republic of China-Global Environment Facility (PRC-GEF) Partnership on Land Degradation in Dryland Ecosystems. Furthermore, based on the investigation statistics from 56 sample counties, the paper analyzes the achievements and successful experiences of the prevention and control of land degradation under the background of international partnership. The research shows the practices of prevention and control of land degradation in western China not only effectively facilitate desertification prevention and control and biodiversity protection, but also promote the livelihood of farmers and herdsmen. The partnership project also realizes global environmental benefits to tackle the climate change and achieves satisfactory ecological, economical and social benefits.
2014, 13(1): 77-82.
Abstract:
Silviculture standards play an important role in the forestry standardization construction. However, until now China has not established its silviculture standard system and few researches have been done in this aspect. By analyzing the situation of present silviculture standardization and the characteristics of silviculture in China, this paper proposes principles and methods for its silviculture standard system and the construction of a standard system, which contains six sub-systems: foundations of silviculture standard sub-system, prophase planning standard sub-system, artificial afforestation standard sub-system, tending mangagement sub-system, harvesting and updating sub-system and the sub-system concerning other matters. Finally, it puts forward some ideas and suggestions for China's forest cultivation standardization in the future, which include building comprehensive database and matching management system etc.
Silviculture standards play an important role in the forestry standardization construction. However, until now China has not established its silviculture standard system and few researches have been done in this aspect. By analyzing the situation of present silviculture standardization and the characteristics of silviculture in China, this paper proposes principles and methods for its silviculture standard system and the construction of a standard system, which contains six sub-systems: foundations of silviculture standard sub-system, prophase planning standard sub-system, artificial afforestation standard sub-system, tending mangagement sub-system, harvesting and updating sub-system and the sub-system concerning other matters. Finally, it puts forward some ideas and suggestions for China's forest cultivation standardization in the future, which include building comprehensive database and matching management system etc.
2014, 13(1): 83-90.
Abstract:
Allot garden is an important form of urban agriculture. Agricultural experience is the main form of allot garden. Participants'satisfaction with service reflects the difference between anticipation and actual feel. Participants'high degree of satisfaction with service is the key factor of getting long-term competitive advantages of allot garden. Based on survey of 48 participants in 11 allot gardens from August to October 2012 in Beijing, this paper analyzes the participants爷personal characteristics, behavior condition and their satisfaction. Results show that groups being married, middle-aged, and with good education, advanced careers, middle and high income are the major participants in allot gardens. Their main purposes are to get healthy and organic food, return to pastoral life, experience farming and get interaction of parent and child. They often grow vegetables in allot gardens with family as a unit. Their information about allot garden mainly comes from relatives, friends and networks. The overall satisfaction of participants with allot gardens in Beijing is high, but the facilities and service still need to be improved. Finally, the paper suggests that the allot gardens should develop characteristic marketing program to improve participation of the core target group, and take measures to promote the participants'satisfaction.
Allot garden is an important form of urban agriculture. Agricultural experience is the main form of allot garden. Participants'satisfaction with service reflects the difference between anticipation and actual feel. Participants'high degree of satisfaction with service is the key factor of getting long-term competitive advantages of allot garden. Based on survey of 48 participants in 11 allot gardens from August to October 2012 in Beijing, this paper analyzes the participants爷personal characteristics, behavior condition and their satisfaction. Results show that groups being married, middle-aged, and with good education, advanced careers, middle and high income are the major participants in allot gardens. Their main purposes are to get healthy and organic food, return to pastoral life, experience farming and get interaction of parent and child. They often grow vegetables in allot gardens with family as a unit. Their information about allot garden mainly comes from relatives, friends and networks. The overall satisfaction of participants with allot gardens in Beijing is high, but the facilities and service still need to be improved. Finally, the paper suggests that the allot gardens should develop characteristic marketing program to improve participation of the core target group, and take measures to promote the participants'satisfaction.
2014, 13(1): 91-95.
Abstract:
101 families of forestry workers from four forestry bureaus of Jilin Province Forest Industry Group are randomly sampled for the survey study on the experimental forest tending subsidy offered by central finance. The research covered knowledge of policy, participation, implementation, demand, evaluation and suggestion, and resulted in graphs and tables concerning the situation of forest tending subsidy in Jilin Province. The finding shows that there still exist problems in the implementation of the experimental forest tending, such as low standards for tending subsidy, weak expertise, the workers inadequate knowledge of the experimental forest tending, tough completion of the tending task caused by a tight schedule, in accordance with which this paper presents constructive suggestions.
101 families of forestry workers from four forestry bureaus of Jilin Province Forest Industry Group are randomly sampled for the survey study on the experimental forest tending subsidy offered by central finance. The research covered knowledge of policy, participation, implementation, demand, evaluation and suggestion, and resulted in graphs and tables concerning the situation of forest tending subsidy in Jilin Province. The finding shows that there still exist problems in the implementation of the experimental forest tending, such as low standards for tending subsidy, weak expertise, the workers inadequate knowledge of the experimental forest tending, tough completion of the tending task caused by a tight schedule, in accordance with which this paper presents constructive suggestions.
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