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2014 Vol. 13, No. 0
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2014, 13(0): 1-7.
Abstract:
The period of early Republic of China was an important transition period in China' s forestry administration，during which there appeared an upsurge in the perception of forestry functions, the introduction of the western forestry concepts, the establishment of forestry management organizations or related nongovernmental bodies, and the issuing of a series of forest laws or regulations, all focusing on the ecosystem construction. While the upsurge faded after some ten years with little effects owing to various reasons, the forestry administration in this period has some rational points in system design and operation mechanism. Besides, a group of excellent forestry scientists and technicians emerged at the same time. They endured great hardships in poineer work and made their contributions to the development of forestry though their dreams didn' t come true because of poor political environment. It follows that the ecological environment is closely related to the political one.
The period of early Republic of China was an important transition period in China' s forestry administration，during which there appeared an upsurge in the perception of forestry functions, the introduction of the western forestry concepts, the establishment of forestry management organizations or related nongovernmental bodies, and the issuing of a series of forest laws or regulations, all focusing on the ecosystem construction. While the upsurge faded after some ten years with little effects owing to various reasons, the forestry administration in this period has some rational points in system design and operation mechanism. Besides, a group of excellent forestry scientists and technicians emerged at the same time. They endured great hardships in poineer work and made their contributions to the development of forestry though their dreams didn' t come true because of poor political environment. It follows that the ecological environment is closely related to the political one.
2014, 13(0): 8-14.
Abstract:
The discovery of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu Cheng ( Metasequoia) is a most pride-worthy affair in the field of Chinese modern botany, which bridges the way of Chines botany to go into the world and has been recognized as a most important botanic discovery at home and abroad in the 20th century. The signif-i cance of the discovery goes beyond China's boundaries. After 50 years of cultivation, seedling, and afforestation, Metasequoia glyptostroboides has been planted and grown in 25 provinces, municipaltities, autonomous regions across the Yangtze River in China and in more than 50 countries and regions in the world. It has become an important tree species for wood-based forest, protection forest along the coast or among the cropland, urban greenization and scenery-oriented forest. There are so many different sayings about the course and time of its discovery that the very discovery has become an anecdote in the history of botany deveopment. The paper makes a systematic investigation on the data and evidences of Metasequoia glyptostroboides and summarizes the course of its discovery.
The discovery of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu Cheng ( Metasequoia) is a most pride-worthy affair in the field of Chinese modern botany, which bridges the way of Chines botany to go into the world and has been recognized as a most important botanic discovery at home and abroad in the 20th century. The signif-i cance of the discovery goes beyond China's boundaries. After 50 years of cultivation, seedling, and afforestation, Metasequoia glyptostroboides has been planted and grown in 25 provinces, municipaltities, autonomous regions across the Yangtze River in China and in more than 50 countries and regions in the world. It has become an important tree species for wood-based forest, protection forest along the coast or among the cropland, urban greenization and scenery-oriented forest. There are so many different sayings about the course and time of its discovery that the very discovery has become an anecdote in the history of botany deveopment. The paper makes a systematic investigation on the data and evidences of Metasequoia glyptostroboides and summarizes the course of its discovery.
2014, 13(0): 15-20.
Abstract:
Viewed from the point of the mysticism of religious ceremonies ,the compulsion of original stipulation ,the solid social ground of traditions and folk2customs ,and the utilitarianism of vindicating or reseizing rights and interests ,the paper expatiates on the cultural characteristics of folk stipulation about how all nationalities in Chinese history protect natural ecology and resources. Then ,it analyzes the heritage mode of the folk stipulation and its coordination and interplay with the state laws and regulations ,pointing out that the folk stipulation is apt to be of centrality and appetency and is capable of supplementing and coordinating the national laws and rules. At the same time ,the paper emphasizes that efforts should be made to overcome the historical and cultural limitations of the folk stipulation and thus guide its coordination and positive interplay with state laws and policies.
Viewed from the point of the mysticism of religious ceremonies ,the compulsion of original stipulation ,the solid social ground of traditions and folk2customs ,and the utilitarianism of vindicating or reseizing rights and interests ,the paper expatiates on the cultural characteristics of folk stipulation about how all nationalities in Chinese history protect natural ecology and resources. Then ,it analyzes the heritage mode of the folk stipulation and its coordination and interplay with the state laws and regulations ,pointing out that the folk stipulation is apt to be of centrality and appetency and is capable of supplementing and coordinating the national laws and rules. At the same time ,the paper emphasizes that efforts should be made to overcome the historical and cultural limitations of the folk stipulation and thus guide its coordination and positive interplay with state laws and policies.
2014, 13(0): 21-25.
Abstract:
The paper first discusses the function of forestry in the setting of the guidelines of constructing a harmonious society. The two key aspects of a harmonious society are the harmony among people and the harmony between people and nature. The paper holds that the harmony between people and nature dominates in the construction of a harmonious society. Therefore, the guideline of constructing a harmonious society must begin with people_nature harmony and use scientific means and measures of natural science, in which ecology is the most suitable principle to be used for constructing such a harmonious society. Forestry is an important sector in practicing ecological principles and has a basic function in reserving nature. It plays a fundamental role in constructing a harmonious society and, through decades of development, China??s forestry has accumulated many valuable data and rich experience. The role of forestry in this respect will be more prominent and be of primary importance in constructing a harmonious society.
The paper first discusses the function of forestry in the setting of the guidelines of constructing a harmonious society. The two key aspects of a harmonious society are the harmony among people and the harmony between people and nature. The paper holds that the harmony between people and nature dominates in the construction of a harmonious society. Therefore, the guideline of constructing a harmonious society must begin with people_nature harmony and use scientific means and measures of natural science, in which ecology is the most suitable principle to be used for constructing such a harmonious society. Forestry is an important sector in practicing ecological principles and has a basic function in reserving nature. It plays a fundamental role in constructing a harmonious society and, through decades of development, China??s forestry has accumulated many valuable data and rich experience. The role of forestry in this respect will be more prominent and be of primary importance in constructing a harmonious society.
2014, 13(0): 26-31.
Abstract:
Forest culture is a synthesis of forest material and spiritual wealth which is created by human beings in social practice especially indicates the forest spiritual wealth. The establishment of forest culture is not only an important measure to fulfil the scientific approach of development, construct harmonious society, but also the needs to push on the ecological establishment and the development of forestry and advanced culture. The establishment of forest spiritual culture mainly contains three parts, there are forest philosophy, forest natural science and forest social science. The establishment of forest culture with Chinese characteristics should inherit critically all the fruits of old and new, home and abroad, summarize the experience and lessons of contemporary forest practice, and try to make theory innovation. The paper suggests that forest culture research and communication, science popularization and propaganda activities, culture carrier construction, and personnel training should be strengthened.
Forest culture is a synthesis of forest material and spiritual wealth which is created by human beings in social practice especially indicates the forest spiritual wealth. The establishment of forest culture is not only an important measure to fulfil the scientific approach of development, construct harmonious society, but also the needs to push on the ecological establishment and the development of forestry and advanced culture. The establishment of forest spiritual culture mainly contains three parts, there are forest philosophy, forest natural science and forest social science. The establishment of forest culture with Chinese characteristics should inherit critically all the fruits of old and new, home and abroad, summarize the experience and lessons of contemporary forest practice, and try to make theory innovation. The paper suggests that forest culture research and communication, science popularization and propaganda activities, culture carrier construction, and personnel training should be strengthened.
2014, 13(0): 32-36.
Abstract:
Forests have not only economical and ecological value ,but also political and cultural value ,and these values play an important role in society. The attitude of humankind to forest is decided by the cultural style of making use of forests. Developing progressive and healthy cultural activities can not only change the value system of people on forests ,but also protect the forests and environment.
Forests have not only economical and ecological value ,but also political and cultural value ,and these values play an important role in society. The attitude of humankind to forest is decided by the cultural style of making use of forests. Developing progressive and healthy cultural activities can not only change the value system of people on forests ,but also protect the forests and environment.
2014, 13(0): 37-42.
Abstract:
Based on research and classification of forest categories, tree species and their arrangement in mausoleum gardens, this paper explores the way of mausoleum trees originated, discusses the system culture and spiritual belief culture of mausoleum trees. This paper holds that the mausoleum tree culture is an important part of forest culture. It is the reflection of peoples life style, custom, spirit idea on forest culture, which has high reference value.
Based on research and classification of forest categories, tree species and their arrangement in mausoleum gardens, this paper explores the way of mausoleum trees originated, discusses the system culture and spiritual belief culture of mausoleum trees. This paper holds that the mausoleum tree culture is an important part of forest culture. It is the reflection of peoples life style, custom, spirit idea on forest culture, which has high reference value.
2014, 13(0): 43-47.
Abstract:
Material and spiritual demands of human being are initial driving powers for the development of forest culture, the relationship between mankind and nature is the secondary driving power, and technology and education play the role of catalyst. Under the incorporated influence of multiple variables, forest culture has experienced three evolution stages of primitive culture period, agricultural cultivation period and industrial exploitation period. With the development of urbanization and strategy shift of forestry construction, the subject components and demands on object of forest culture have dramatically changed, which drives forest culture to evolve. Urban forest culture, which is combined with ecological culture and urban culture, will become dominant development direction of forest culture. Forest religious culture will co-exist with the mainstream of forest culture for a long time, while indigenous folk forest culture will die out.
Material and spiritual demands of human being are initial driving powers for the development of forest culture, the relationship between mankind and nature is the secondary driving power, and technology and education play the role of catalyst. Under the incorporated influence of multiple variables, forest culture has experienced three evolution stages of primitive culture period, agricultural cultivation period and industrial exploitation period. With the development of urbanization and strategy shift of forestry construction, the subject components and demands on object of forest culture have dramatically changed, which drives forest culture to evolve. Urban forest culture, which is combined with ecological culture and urban culture, will become dominant development direction of forest culture. Forest religious culture will co-exist with the mainstream of forest culture for a long time, while indigenous folk forest culture will die out.
2014, 13(0): 48-51.
Abstract:
Return to trueness means getting rid of exterior trimming and returning to reality of a thing. On the different levels of forest aesthetics, the concepts of trueness are different. From the viewpoint of forest landscape, trueness is represented by the outwardness of aesthetics objects, which means the arousing of peoples emotion by forest landscape. From the viewpoint of forest image, trueness is represented by peoples sincere emotion, which means the fusion of peoples emotion and forest landscape. From the viewpoint of forest artistic conception, trueness is represented by peoples sincere disposition and inspiration, which means the unity of human and nature. Trueness is not only the logic origination of forest aesthetics, but also run through the whole process of forest aesthetics, and embodies the form, content and spirit of forest aesthetics.
Return to trueness means getting rid of exterior trimming and returning to reality of a thing. On the different levels of forest aesthetics, the concepts of trueness are different. From the viewpoint of forest landscape, trueness is represented by the outwardness of aesthetics objects, which means the arousing of peoples emotion by forest landscape. From the viewpoint of forest image, trueness is represented by peoples sincere emotion, which means the fusion of peoples emotion and forest landscape. From the viewpoint of forest artistic conception, trueness is represented by peoples sincere disposition and inspiration, which means the unity of human and nature. Trueness is not only the logic origination of forest aesthetics, but also run through the whole process of forest aesthetics, and embodies the form, content and spirit of forest aesthetics.
2014, 13(0): 52-59.
Abstract:
Arnold Arboretum in Harvard University is an important institution in the United States for collecting and studying Chinese plants. From the early 20th century, a group of Chinese scholars came to study and work there for the purpose of introducing western plant science to China. After returning China, they began to teach students, establish institutions, and study Chinese plants. They pioneered plant science in China. Arnold Arboretum is deemed as an origin of Chinese plant science. The findings, methods and even the way of building botanical garden of Arnold Arboretum have profound impacts on the development of modern botany in China.
Arnold Arboretum in Harvard University is an important institution in the United States for collecting and studying Chinese plants. From the early 20th century, a group of Chinese scholars came to study and work there for the purpose of introducing western plant science to China. After returning China, they began to teach students, establish institutions, and study Chinese plants. They pioneered plant science in China. Arnold Arboretum is deemed as an origin of Chinese plant science. The findings, methods and even the way of building botanical garden of Arnold Arboretum have profound impacts on the development of modern botany in China.
2014, 13(0): 64-68.
Abstract:
Based on the introduction of the first and the second session of forest culture seminar, this paper makes a review on the third session of forest culture seminar in 2009. The reports in this seminar are divided into 4 parts, i.e. theoretical research on forest culture, application research on forest culture, historical research on forest culture,extension and development of forest culture. Finally, trend of forest culture research presented in this seminar is summarized to provide ideas for the development of forest culture research.
Based on the introduction of the first and the second session of forest culture seminar, this paper makes a review on the third session of forest culture seminar in 2009. The reports in this seminar are divided into 4 parts, i.e. theoretical research on forest culture, application research on forest culture, historical research on forest culture,extension and development of forest culture. Finally, trend of forest culture research presented in this seminar is summarized to provide ideas for the development of forest culture research.
2014, 13(0): 69-75.
Abstract:
This paper makes a review on the fourth session of forest culture seminar in 2011.The reports in the seminar are divided into 2 parts, i.e. history research of forest culture and modern research of forest culture. Every nationality inherits and enhances forest culture created by themselves, which provides ideas for future research on forest culture and sustainable development of human beings. The representations introduced the important effects of forest culture on forest civilization construction, forest operation and management, biodiversity conservation.
This paper makes a review on the fourth session of forest culture seminar in 2011.The reports in the seminar are divided into 2 parts, i.e. history research of forest culture and modern research of forest culture. Every nationality inherits and enhances forest culture created by themselves, which provides ideas for future research on forest culture and sustainable development of human beings. The representations introduced the important effects of forest culture on forest civilization construction, forest operation and management, biodiversity conservation.
2014, 13(0): 76-81.
Abstract:
The Fifth Session of Forest Culture Seminar was held inHailar District of Hulunbeier City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in July 2013, with Beijing Forestry University, IWCS (International Wood Culture Society), and AGA(Asia Green-Culture Association) being the co-organizers. The reports presented in the seminar interprete history and modern forest culture from the view of forest, provide broad research ideas for forest culture and human's sustainable development, and fully embody four foundermental characteristics of forest culture, i. e. ecological, national, regional and humanity characters. Forest has subtle influence on nature, history and culture. Forest culture is the core content of ecological culture, and it is a phenomenon of civilization formed in the long-term coexistence of human being and forest.
The Fifth Session of Forest Culture Seminar was held inHailar District of Hulunbeier City in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in July 2013, with Beijing Forestry University, IWCS (International Wood Culture Society), and AGA(Asia Green-Culture Association) being the co-organizers. The reports presented in the seminar interprete history and modern forest culture from the view of forest, provide broad research ideas for forest culture and human's sustainable development, and fully embody four foundermental characteristics of forest culture, i. e. ecological, national, regional and humanity characters. Forest has subtle influence on nature, history and culture. Forest culture is the core content of ecological culture, and it is a phenomenon of civilization formed in the long-term coexistence of human being and forest.
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