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2013 Vol. 12, No. 4
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2013, 12(4): 1-6.
Abstract:
Under the background of the forestry tenure reform in southern collective forest areas, the problem of forest land fragmentation becomes more evident , and this gives rise to forest operators'demand for forest land scale management. From the perspective of economics, institutional theory and the characteristics of collective forest regions, this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the forest land scale management in southern collective forest areas. It discusses the constraints of forest land scale management in southern collective forest areas after a new round of collective forest tenure reform in terms of resource attributes and system. Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions in order to advance forest land scale management in the future.
Under the background of the forestry tenure reform in southern collective forest areas, the problem of forest land fragmentation becomes more evident , and this gives rise to forest operators'demand for forest land scale management. From the perspective of economics, institutional theory and the characteristics of collective forest regions, this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the forest land scale management in southern collective forest areas. It discusses the constraints of forest land scale management in southern collective forest areas after a new round of collective forest tenure reform in terms of resource attributes and system. Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions in order to advance forest land scale management in the future.
2013, 12(4): 7-12.
Abstract:
Based on the questionnaire survey on 116 households in Ninghua County, Sanming City, Fujian Province about forestry tenure reform, this article discusses the satisfaction degree and influencing factors of forestry tenure reform. Binary logistic model is used to study the specific influences of related factors on farmers爷willingness of participating in forest management. The results show that the proportion of farmers who would like to continue to do forest management is bigger than that of farmers who are not willing to. The main influencing factors of farmers'willingness to continue forest management include the following: whether the expected income of forestry will increase, whether the allocation of forest land is reasonable, whether the income from working for others accounts for the main income of the family, how many members the family has , and whether the family has environmental awareness.
Based on the questionnaire survey on 116 households in Ninghua County, Sanming City, Fujian Province about forestry tenure reform, this article discusses the satisfaction degree and influencing factors of forestry tenure reform. Binary logistic model is used to study the specific influences of related factors on farmers爷willingness of participating in forest management. The results show that the proportion of farmers who would like to continue to do forest management is bigger than that of farmers who are not willing to. The main influencing factors of farmers'willingness to continue forest management include the following: whether the expected income of forestry will increase, whether the allocation of forest land is reasonable, whether the income from working for others accounts for the main income of the family, how many members the family has , and whether the family has environmental awareness.
2013, 12(4): 13-20.
Abstract:
The structure of forestland management mode in Fujian Province has changed after a new round of forest rights reform, which gives the foresters more option rights of forestland management modes to some extent. Using multivariate logistic model, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of foresters selection of forestland management mode after forest rights reform based on the sampling survey in Sanming City, Fujian Province. This study suggests that factors such as the number of family labor, the quality of forest resources, the area of forest, and the influences of forest rights reform on forestry incomes, family assets and resource utilization, affect foresters爷options of forestry operation model to varying degrees. Based on the regression analysis results, this paper finally puts forward some measures and suggestions for efficiency promotion and development direction of various forestry operation models.
The structure of forestland management mode in Fujian Province has changed after a new round of forest rights reform, which gives the foresters more option rights of forestland management modes to some extent. Using multivariate logistic model, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of foresters selection of forestland management mode after forest rights reform based on the sampling survey in Sanming City, Fujian Province. This study suggests that factors such as the number of family labor, the quality of forest resources, the area of forest, and the influences of forest rights reform on forestry incomes, family assets and resource utilization, affect foresters爷options of forestry operation model to varying degrees. Based on the regression analysis results, this paper finally puts forward some measures and suggestions for efficiency promotion and development direction of various forestry operation models.
Rural Social and Economic Welfare Measurement of the Collective Forest Tenure Reform in Sanming City
2013, 12(4): 21-26.
Abstract:
As an institutional reform, whether collective forest tenure reform would bring about the sustainable development of rural areas or not has become a concern of the whole society. The economic and social welfare in rural areas of Sanming City was measured by using the index of sustainable economic welfare ( ISEW). ISEW results indicate that, after the reform of collective forest tenure system, Sanming City's social and economic benefits in rural areas decreased at first and then increased, and the growth level of ISEW per capita is lower than that of GDP per capita. From the developing trend of ISEW, it can be concluded that the rural areas of Sanming City are in a state of sustainable development.
As an institutional reform, whether collective forest tenure reform would bring about the sustainable development of rural areas or not has become a concern of the whole society. The economic and social welfare in rural areas of Sanming City was measured by using the index of sustainable economic welfare ( ISEW). ISEW results indicate that, after the reform of collective forest tenure system, Sanming City's social and economic benefits in rural areas decreased at first and then increased, and the growth level of ISEW per capita is lower than that of GDP per capita. From the developing trend of ISEW, it can be concluded that the rural areas of Sanming City are in a state of sustainable development.
2013, 12(4): 27-33.
Abstract:
The adjustment and optimization of industrial structure is an effective way to promote economic development and to improve the competitiveness of the industry. Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) industry plays an important role in the development of forestry in Sanming City. The analysis of internal relevance of NWFPs'industrial structure can serve as the foundation of adjustment and optimization of NWFPs爷industrial structure. Since grey system theory has unique advantages in modeling and analyzing systems with short time series, few statistic data and incomplete information, this paper uses it to make a grey correlation analysis of NWFPs爷industrial structure and a prediction of the future development of NWFPs industry in Sanming City.
The adjustment and optimization of industrial structure is an effective way to promote economic development and to improve the competitiveness of the industry. Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) industry plays an important role in the development of forestry in Sanming City. The analysis of internal relevance of NWFPs'industrial structure can serve as the foundation of adjustment and optimization of NWFPs爷industrial structure. Since grey system theory has unique advantages in modeling and analyzing systems with short time series, few statistic data and incomplete information, this paper uses it to make a grey correlation analysis of NWFPs爷industrial structure and a prediction of the future development of NWFPs industry in Sanming City.
2013, 12(4): 34-36.
Abstract:
A review of existing literature shows that since the collective forest tenure reform was basically completed in Sanming City,the field-based data analysis of structural changes in the forestry industry is inadequate. To study the output value structure of forestry industry of the Sanming City since it finished its reform mentioned above,this paper analyzes the 20052010 output values of the three industries and the total industry through the grey correlation analysis model . Result shows that grey correlations between the three forestry industries and the total forestry output value is ranked in the following order: tertiary industry primary industry secondary industry. This paper provides an explanation of the cause of such ranking, points out the problems in Sanming's collective forest tenure reform, and finally comes up with some advice, which can provide some enlightenment for the strengthening and deepening of collective forest tenure reform in China.
A review of existing literature shows that since the collective forest tenure reform was basically completed in Sanming City,the field-based data analysis of structural changes in the forestry industry is inadequate. To study the output value structure of forestry industry of the Sanming City since it finished its reform mentioned above,this paper analyzes the 20052010 output values of the three industries and the total industry through the grey correlation analysis model . Result shows that grey correlations between the three forestry industries and the total forestry output value is ranked in the following order: tertiary industry primary industry secondary industry. This paper provides an explanation of the cause of such ranking, points out the problems in Sanming's collective forest tenure reform, and finally comes up with some advice, which can provide some enlightenment for the strengthening and deepening of collective forest tenure reform in China.
2013, 12(4): 37-41.
Abstract:
Since the reformation of collective forest right system in 2003, the government has delegated the collective forestry usage right to farmers. The reformation of collective forest right system has led to separation of forest land ownership and usage rights. This course produced the forest land use fees. With the development of relevant policies, forest land use fees become one of the most important expenses which farmers spend on forestry operation. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the influence of forest land use fees in forestry operation. In this study, Fujian Province was chosen as a target province for its predominant work in forest reforms, and Yong'an City and Jiangle County in Sanming City were chosen as the research areas. Based on the 104 questionnaires which are obtained through household survey, and using the descriptive statistics and Cobb-Douglas production function method with the help of Eviews3.0, the research finds that the charged forest land use fees can motivate the farmer's enthusiasm for forestry management, and it also has a positive effect on promoting the unit forestry management practice. Furthermore, some advice are given on the self-improvement of the policy and the investment in forestry.
Since the reformation of collective forest right system in 2003, the government has delegated the collective forestry usage right to farmers. The reformation of collective forest right system has led to separation of forest land ownership and usage rights. This course produced the forest land use fees. With the development of relevant policies, forest land use fees become one of the most important expenses which farmers spend on forestry operation. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the influence of forest land use fees in forestry operation. In this study, Fujian Province was chosen as a target province for its predominant work in forest reforms, and Yong'an City and Jiangle County in Sanming City were chosen as the research areas. Based on the 104 questionnaires which are obtained through household survey, and using the descriptive statistics and Cobb-Douglas production function method with the help of Eviews3.0, the research finds that the charged forest land use fees can motivate the farmer's enthusiasm for forestry management, and it also has a positive effect on promoting the unit forestry management practice. Furthermore, some advice are given on the self-improvement of the policy and the investment in forestry.
2013, 12(4): 42-47.
Abstract:
Forest right mortgage loan is currently a new financing mode prompted by forest right system reform. It is also an important business of financial institutions in lending. This paper, based on a survey of a random sample of 484 farmer households distributed in 24 administrative villages of 12 townships of 5 counties (cities) in Sanming City, Fujian Province, studies the factors influencing demand behavior of their forest right mortgage loans and analyzes the relationship among these factors. By the Logistic Model, the result shows that determinants of demand for the forest right mortgage loan mainly include personal characters of the household head, household features and cognition of forest right mortgage. The result also shows that education level and total household expenditure have positive effects on demand for the collateral loan. The age of the household head, the number of family labor as well as household income have negative effects on demand for the collateral loan. In addition, this paper proposes some policy suggestions for further promoting forest right mortgage loan.
Forest right mortgage loan is currently a new financing mode prompted by forest right system reform. It is also an important business of financial institutions in lending. This paper, based on a survey of a random sample of 484 farmer households distributed in 24 administrative villages of 12 townships of 5 counties (cities) in Sanming City, Fujian Province, studies the factors influencing demand behavior of their forest right mortgage loans and analyzes the relationship among these factors. By the Logistic Model, the result shows that determinants of demand for the forest right mortgage loan mainly include personal characters of the household head, household features and cognition of forest right mortgage. The result also shows that education level and total household expenditure have positive effects on demand for the collateral loan. The age of the household head, the number of family labor as well as household income have negative effects on demand for the collateral loan. In addition, this paper proposes some policy suggestions for further promoting forest right mortgage loan.
2013, 12(4): 48-54.
Abstract:
Non-wood forest products ( NWFPs), compared with wood forest products, have many significant advantages with more development patterns, shorter production cycle, longer industrial chain and greater added value. NWFPs industry has been an important content of the forestry development since the forest tenure reform in Sanming City. Under the guidance of industrial and regional economic theories, the paper analyzes the basic situations and characteristics of NWFPs development and establishes evaluation index system of industrial competitiveness of NWFPs in different counties in Sanming City. Through principal component analysis, it discusses the competitiveness levels and the influencing factors of NWFPs industry of these counties. It also proposes some strategies of NWFPs industry development, aiming to provide a basis for policy making in Sanming City.
Non-wood forest products ( NWFPs), compared with wood forest products, have many significant advantages with more development patterns, shorter production cycle, longer industrial chain and greater added value. NWFPs industry has been an important content of the forestry development since the forest tenure reform in Sanming City. Under the guidance of industrial and regional economic theories, the paper analyzes the basic situations and characteristics of NWFPs development and establishes evaluation index system of industrial competitiveness of NWFPs in different counties in Sanming City. Through principal component analysis, it discusses the competitiveness levels and the influencing factors of NWFPs industry of these counties. It also proposes some strategies of NWFPs industry development, aiming to provide a basis for policy making in Sanming City.
2013, 12(4): 55-59.
Abstract:
With the development of collective forest tenure reform, allocating the forest land to individual household makes forest operation fragmented, which prevents forestry scale management to some extent. In 2003, the No. 1 document of Central Committee proposed substantial support to develop manifold forms of new farmers'cooperative organizations. Based on a questionnaire survey on 483 farmers and 140 managers in Sanming City, Fujian Province, through descriptive statistical analysis and by building a binary Logistic regression model, this paper studies the farmers'demand for forestry cooperation organizations, and the impacts of the demand on the development of forestry cooperation organizations. It then puts forward some suggestions on how to promote the healthy development of forestry cooperative organizations and develop large-scale management.
With the development of collective forest tenure reform, allocating the forest land to individual household makes forest operation fragmented, which prevents forestry scale management to some extent. In 2003, the No. 1 document of Central Committee proposed substantial support to develop manifold forms of new farmers'cooperative organizations. Based on a questionnaire survey on 483 farmers and 140 managers in Sanming City, Fujian Province, through descriptive statistical analysis and by building a binary Logistic regression model, this paper studies the farmers'demand for forestry cooperation organizations, and the impacts of the demand on the development of forestry cooperation organizations. It then puts forward some suggestions on how to promote the healthy development of forestry cooperative organizations and develop large-scale management.
2013, 12(4): 60-65.
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the farmers'forestland transfer conditions from three aspects, namely, the current transfer scale, transfer willingness and causes of transfer based on a survey study on 484 households of 20 villages from Jiangle, Yong'an, Mingxi, Ninghua and Qingliu counties in Sanming City, Fujian Province. The research findings can be summarized as the following: the average household population is large, while the number of labor is small; the forestland transfer direction was mainly inflow and most of the transer happens in local villages; the productive factor market plays a less important role during the transfer; there is a strengthening trend of the famers爷dependence on their land, the main cause of these inflows being the ever increasing revenue while that of the outflows being the shortage of labor.
This paper analyzes the farmers'forestland transfer conditions from three aspects, namely, the current transfer scale, transfer willingness and causes of transfer based on a survey study on 484 households of 20 villages from Jiangle, Yong'an, Mingxi, Ninghua and Qingliu counties in Sanming City, Fujian Province. The research findings can be summarized as the following: the average household population is large, while the number of labor is small; the forestland transfer direction was mainly inflow and most of the transer happens in local villages; the productive factor market plays a less important role during the transfer; there is a strengthening trend of the famers爷dependence on their land, the main cause of these inflows being the ever increasing revenue while that of the outflows being the shortage of labor.
2013, 12(4): 66-70.
Abstract:
The policy of ecological forest compensation is closely related to multiple stakeholders. A good knowledge of these different stakeholders爷behavior and attitude to the policy can provide an important basis to improve the policy. Taking Sanming City as the investigation site, stressing the multiple stakeholders'attitude to ecological forest compensation, and using the method of participatory investigation, this research carried out semi-structured interviews, key person interviews and questionnaire surveys among different stakeholders, such as the forestry administrations of the provincial and county levels, and forest farmers. It is found that different stakeholders have different demands for ecological forest compensation policy. Nevertheless they all think that the lower standard of compensation funds, the single source of the fund, as well as the deficiency of supervision on management and protection works are key problems of ecological forest compensation policy. To maximize the utility of ecological forest compensation funds, we should build diversified ways of compensation, quantize the criterion for evaluation, and refine the forms of management and protection.
The policy of ecological forest compensation is closely related to multiple stakeholders. A good knowledge of these different stakeholders爷behavior and attitude to the policy can provide an important basis to improve the policy. Taking Sanming City as the investigation site, stressing the multiple stakeholders'attitude to ecological forest compensation, and using the method of participatory investigation, this research carried out semi-structured interviews, key person interviews and questionnaire surveys among different stakeholders, such as the forestry administrations of the provincial and county levels, and forest farmers. It is found that different stakeholders have different demands for ecological forest compensation policy. Nevertheless they all think that the lower standard of compensation funds, the single source of the fund, as well as the deficiency of supervision on management and protection works are key problems of ecological forest compensation policy. To maximize the utility of ecological forest compensation funds, we should build diversified ways of compensation, quantize the criterion for evaluation, and refine the forms of management and protection.
2013, 12(4): 71-77.
Abstract:
With the trade of wooden furniture developing significantly in China, China has been the biggest exporter of wooden furniture in the world since 2005. The study shows that China is the prime importer of wooden furniture produced in the United States, while the United States is the main destination of exports of China. This paper measures the complementarity of wooden furniture trade between China and the United States by using the trade combination degree index (TCD), revealed comparative advantage index ( RCA ) and trade complementary index. Then it measures the competitiveness of wooden furniture trade between China and the United States using the revealed competitive advantage index (CA) and product similarity index. The result of the research indicates that complementarity and competitiveness do exist in China and the United States'wooden furniture trade. However, China has more competitive advantages than the United States. China would better export wooden furniture to the United States. Then we offer some proposals on the basis of the conclusions summarized above, so as to overcome the effects of competition between China and the United States, provide substantial supports for the win-win situation, and provide references for the upgrade of industrial structure of Chinese wooden furniture and the innovation and development of Chinese wooden furniture import and export companies.
With the trade of wooden furniture developing significantly in China, China has been the biggest exporter of wooden furniture in the world since 2005. The study shows that China is the prime importer of wooden furniture produced in the United States, while the United States is the main destination of exports of China. This paper measures the complementarity of wooden furniture trade between China and the United States by using the trade combination degree index (TCD), revealed comparative advantage index ( RCA ) and trade complementary index. Then it measures the competitiveness of wooden furniture trade between China and the United States using the revealed competitive advantage index (CA) and product similarity index. The result of the research indicates that complementarity and competitiveness do exist in China and the United States'wooden furniture trade. However, China has more competitive advantages than the United States. China would better export wooden furniture to the United States. Then we offer some proposals on the basis of the conclusions summarized above, so as to overcome the effects of competition between China and the United States, provide substantial supports for the win-win situation, and provide references for the upgrade of industrial structure of Chinese wooden furniture and the innovation and development of Chinese wooden furniture import and export companies.
2013, 12(4): 78-85.
Abstract:
Forestry, an important basic industry in China, constitutes the principal part of ecological construction. Due to the particular nature of forestry, listed companies in this industry possess stronger earnings management motivations which makes this issue receive more attention. Through descriptive analysis as well as empirical studies, this paper discusses the behavior of earnings management of listed forestry companies and their preference for the means of management. The research demonstrates that there exists the phenomenon of listed forestry companies in loss managing their earnings by reducing their profits, and that such companies tend to manage earnings by extracting more allowances for asset impairment and by overstating non-operating revenues.
Forestry, an important basic industry in China, constitutes the principal part of ecological construction. Due to the particular nature of forestry, listed companies in this industry possess stronger earnings management motivations which makes this issue receive more attention. Through descriptive analysis as well as empirical studies, this paper discusses the behavior of earnings management of listed forestry companies and their preference for the means of management. The research demonstrates that there exists the phenomenon of listed forestry companies in loss managing their earnings by reducing their profits, and that such companies tend to manage earnings by extracting more allowances for asset impairment and by overstating non-operating revenues.
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