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2013 Vol. 12, No. 3
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2013, 12(3): 1-6.
Abstract:
The question of which plant is Mulan'(木兰) in Magnoliaceae in Chinese history on earth has not been solved in science actually. Through field investigation and relative references analysis, we find thatMulan'is the Redflower Magnolia(Magnolia wufengensis) Groups,including a new species named Magnolia wufengensis L. Y. Ma et L. R. Wang'and a new variety named Magnolia wufengensis var. multitepala L. Y. Ma et L. R. Wang', which were found and named in 2006 by MA L-yi, professor of Beijing Forestry University, and WANG Luo-rong, from Hubei Provincial Forest Tree Seed and Seedling Administration Station. Wudang Mulan(武当木兰)(Magnolia sprengeri Pampan,)is a type of M. wufengensis var. multitepala and can be regard as a type below species. Therefore, the discovery of the Redflower Magnolia can help us to identify Mulan'in the ancient literature. The Redflower Magnolia is one of the most important groups in research, protection and development due to its specific area distribution, variety of types, genetic diversity, wide scope of usage and huge values.
The question of which plant is Mulan'(木兰) in Magnoliaceae in Chinese history on earth has not been solved in science actually. Through field investigation and relative references analysis, we find thatMulan'is the Redflower Magnolia(Magnolia wufengensis) Groups,including a new species named Magnolia wufengensis L. Y. Ma et L. R. Wang'and a new variety named Magnolia wufengensis var. multitepala L. Y. Ma et L. R. Wang', which were found and named in 2006 by MA L-yi, professor of Beijing Forestry University, and WANG Luo-rong, from Hubei Provincial Forest Tree Seed and Seedling Administration Station. Wudang Mulan(武当木兰)(Magnolia sprengeri Pampan,)is a type of M. wufengensis var. multitepala and can be regard as a type below species. Therefore, the discovery of the Redflower Magnolia can help us to identify Mulan'in the ancient literature. The Redflower Magnolia is one of the most important groups in research, protection and development due to its specific area distribution, variety of types, genetic diversity, wide scope of usage and huge values.
2013, 12(3): 7-11.
Abstract:
Ancient Chinese agricultural works are important information for us to study the history of ancient Chinese agricultural science and technology. Meanwhile, they also have plentiful social and historical information about rural customs, daily life and rural landscapes. They shows a very colorful picture of traditional rural society. For example, JIA Si-xie's Qiminyaoshu in Northern Wei Dynasty and HAN E's Sishizuanyao in Tang Dynasty not only have rich historical materials in divining, choosing auspicious day, making efforts to avert calamity, weddings, festivals, farming custom, medicine and health, rural clothing, food, shelter, journey life, but also have a large number of materials in villagers' living rhythm and rural landscapes. Therefore, ancient Chinese agricultural works are indispensable first- hand materials for research in traditional rural society and history. In many ways, they can make up for the lack of official history.
Ancient Chinese agricultural works are important information for us to study the history of ancient Chinese agricultural science and technology. Meanwhile, they also have plentiful social and historical information about rural customs, daily life and rural landscapes. They shows a very colorful picture of traditional rural society. For example, JIA Si-xie's Qiminyaoshu in Northern Wei Dynasty and HAN E's Sishizuanyao in Tang Dynasty not only have rich historical materials in divining, choosing auspicious day, making efforts to avert calamity, weddings, festivals, farming custom, medicine and health, rural clothing, food, shelter, journey life, but also have a large number of materials in villagers' living rhythm and rural landscapes. Therefore, ancient Chinese agricultural works are indispensable first- hand materials for research in traditional rural society and history. In many ways, they can make up for the lack of official history.
2013, 12(3): 12-18.
Abstract:
The national compulsory tree-planting movement, advocated by DENG Xiao-ping in 1981, has been carried out for more than 30 years. It has not only increased greening space and improved the ecological environment, but also promoted citizens'consciousness of ecological environmental protection, cultivated the social conduct of loving green and guarding green. But in recent ten years, the movement is more and more difficult to organize and carry out, and often becomes a mere formality. The main reason is that the law is still the same while the political, economic, and social circumstances have changed sharply. Especially the enforceability in the law is not harmonious with current economic and ecological situations. The compulsory part of the law should be repealed and replaced by volunteer. The provision that each person should plant 3 to 5 trees per year should be repealed too. The compulsory tree-planting can be insteaded by citizens'voluntary labor. The authors suggest that the central government can only issue guiding opinions, and transfer the decision power of how to implement concretely to the provinces, cities and autonomous regions according to their own situations.
The national compulsory tree-planting movement, advocated by DENG Xiao-ping in 1981, has been carried out for more than 30 years. It has not only increased greening space and improved the ecological environment, but also promoted citizens'consciousness of ecological environmental protection, cultivated the social conduct of loving green and guarding green. But in recent ten years, the movement is more and more difficult to organize and carry out, and often becomes a mere formality. The main reason is that the law is still the same while the political, economic, and social circumstances have changed sharply. Especially the enforceability in the law is not harmonious with current economic and ecological situations. The compulsory part of the law should be repealed and replaced by volunteer. The provision that each person should plant 3 to 5 trees per year should be repealed too. The compulsory tree-planting can be insteaded by citizens'voluntary labor. The authors suggest that the central government can only issue guiding opinions, and transfer the decision power of how to implement concretely to the provinces, cities and autonomous regions according to their own situations.
2013, 12(3): 19-23.
Abstract:
This paper examines ways of meaning-attribution of plants by interpreting plenty of ancient documents in perspectives of cultural studies. It concludes that the main three ways of meaning-attribution of plants are image analogy between plants and virtuous men, advocacy from cultural liberties, and intertextuality of cultural traditions. It claims that meaning-attribution of plants seems reasonable and self- closured in many cases, and also somewhat casual and arbitrary. Plant's cultural meaning is extended and underlined constantly.
This paper examines ways of meaning-attribution of plants by interpreting plenty of ancient documents in perspectives of cultural studies. It concludes that the main three ways of meaning-attribution of plants are image analogy between plants and virtuous men, advocacy from cultural liberties, and intertextuality of cultural traditions. It claims that meaning-attribution of plants seems reasonable and self- closured in many cases, and also somewhat casual and arbitrary. Plant's cultural meaning is extended and underlined constantly.
2013, 12(3): 24-28.
Abstract:
ychologist Maslow, centers on the personality development of healthy people. Since it came into being, it has been widely applied in many subjects. Ecological psychology, a new trend in applied psychological researches, is based on views and methods of ecology and through revealing the interaction relationship between human and environment to research, explain and predict the behavior and psychological phenomenon in the real life. By applying the logic of ecological psychology theory to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and from the new perspective of society-organism-ecological to interpret the theory can let it make new contributions to social and ecological civilization
ychologist Maslow, centers on the personality development of healthy people. Since it came into being, it has been widely applied in many subjects. Ecological psychology, a new trend in applied psychological researches, is based on views and methods of ecology and through revealing the interaction relationship between human and environment to research, explain and predict the behavior and psychological phenomenon in the real life. By applying the logic of ecological psychology theory to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and from the new perspective of society-organism-ecological to interpret the theory can let it make new contributions to social and ecological civilization
2013, 12(3): 29-34.
Abstract:
Safety is the lifeline of tourism industry. Tourism security has become one of the most important contents in forest parks management in China. Taking the tourism security incidents happened in forest parks in China from 2002 to 2011 as the main research object, this paper constructs an incident reporting system which contains six first level categories, 50 secondary categories according to the general features of tourism activities in forest parks. The authors analyze the trend of tourism security incidents in forest parks. The tourism security incidents in forest parks can be classified into nine categories, namely crime, fire, facility, traffic, accident, disease, natural disaster, missing or lost, and other incidents. The incidents characteristics are studied. The paper also analyzes the occurrence regularities from aspects of season, day or night, activity and age. Conclusions are summed about the key event and key time. Solutions and suggestions are given
Safety is the lifeline of tourism industry. Tourism security has become one of the most important contents in forest parks management in China. Taking the tourism security incidents happened in forest parks in China from 2002 to 2011 as the main research object, this paper constructs an incident reporting system which contains six first level categories, 50 secondary categories according to the general features of tourism activities in forest parks. The authors analyze the trend of tourism security incidents in forest parks. The tourism security incidents in forest parks can be classified into nine categories, namely crime, fire, facility, traffic, accident, disease, natural disaster, missing or lost, and other incidents. The incidents characteristics are studied. The paper also analyzes the occurrence regularities from aspects of season, day or night, activity and age. Conclusions are summed about the key event and key time. Solutions and suggestions are given
2013, 12(3): 35-39.
Abstract:
Altunshan Nature Reserve is rich in rare gene resources and unique plants and wildlife species. This paper uses payment card questionnaire and establishes logistic model to discuss the relationship between willingness to pay ( WTP) and residents-socio-economic characteristics. The relevant factors on WTP are tested with the Kendall correlation coefficient. The authors carry out a quantitative assessment on non-use value in biodiversity of Altunshan Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, China with contingent valuation method (CVM). Results indicate that WTP is affected by interviewees-gender, job, education level and monthly incomes. Women are more willing to pay than men. Public servants, company employees and teachers are more willing to pay. The group of highly educated and high incomes is more willing to pay than those of low-level education background and less incomes. The payment amount is relevant with interviewee-s location, monthly incomes, job and education level. The research calculates that per WTP is RMB 104.4 every year, and the total non-use value of Altunshan Nature Reserve is RMB 436.9 billion every year.
Altunshan Nature Reserve is rich in rare gene resources and unique plants and wildlife species. This paper uses payment card questionnaire and establishes logistic model to discuss the relationship between willingness to pay ( WTP) and residents-socio-economic characteristics. The relevant factors on WTP are tested with the Kendall correlation coefficient. The authors carry out a quantitative assessment on non-use value in biodiversity of Altunshan Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, China with contingent valuation method (CVM). Results indicate that WTP is affected by interviewees-gender, job, education level and monthly incomes. Women are more willing to pay than men. Public servants, company employees and teachers are more willing to pay. The group of highly educated and high incomes is more willing to pay than those of low-level education background and less incomes. The payment amount is relevant with interviewee-s location, monthly incomes, job and education level. The research calculates that per WTP is RMB 104.4 every year, and the total non-use value of Altunshan Nature Reserve is RMB 436.9 billion every year.
2013, 12(3): 40-43.
Abstract:
Research on microfinance of forest right certificate as mortgage has important significance for solving farmers'financing demand, increasing their income, adjusting forestry industrial structure and scale management, and making scientific forestry policies. This paper carries out classified statistics of related literatures,and reviews on the concepts, economics and property right theories about microfinance of forest right certificate as mortgage. Aiming at problems in practice, the paper puts forward that microfinance policy of forest right certificate as mortgage can effectively solve farmers'financing difficulty in China.
Research on microfinance of forest right certificate as mortgage has important significance for solving farmers'financing demand, increasing their income, adjusting forestry industrial structure and scale management, and making scientific forestry policies. This paper carries out classified statistics of related literatures,and reviews on the concepts, economics and property right theories about microfinance of forest right certificate as mortgage. Aiming at problems in practice, the paper puts forward that microfinance policy of forest right certificate as mortgage can effectively solve farmers'financing difficulty in China.
2013, 12(3): 44-48.
Abstract:
Based on data of Huize County, Simao District and Xinping County in Yunnan Province, this paper analyzes farmers'cognition, satisfaction and demand will on forestry science and technology service, as well as the existing problems. Results show that the staying famers have low education, know little about forestry science and technology service. But they have a strong demand for diseases and pests control technology and planting technology. However, present supply of forestry science and technology service is not enough. The imbalance between supply and demand of forestry science and technology service is getting worse after the Collevtive Forest Tenure Reform. Suggestions are put forward such as strengthening propaganda of forestry science and technology service, increasing frequency and efficiency of forestry science and technology service activities, improving professional quality of personnel, building network of forestry science and technology service.
Based on data of Huize County, Simao District and Xinping County in Yunnan Province, this paper analyzes farmers'cognition, satisfaction and demand will on forestry science and technology service, as well as the existing problems. Results show that the staying famers have low education, know little about forestry science and technology service. But they have a strong demand for diseases and pests control technology and planting technology. However, present supply of forestry science and technology service is not enough. The imbalance between supply and demand of forestry science and technology service is getting worse after the Collevtive Forest Tenure Reform. Suggestions are put forward such as strengthening propaganda of forestry science and technology service, increasing frequency and efficiency of forestry science and technology service activities, improving professional quality of personnel, building network of forestry science and technology service.
2013, 12(3): 49-54.
Abstract:
Forestry professional cooperative is an important economic organization form of resolving forest fragmentation and realizing large-scale operation. Taking Zhanggong Village in Jiangle County of Sanming City, Fujian Province as research object, this paper analyzes operating mechanism of forestry professional cooperative in Zhanggong Village by sorting out interviews with village cadres and villagers and combining with current condition of forestry cooperation organizations in China. Problems existed in investment mechanism, operating mechanism of property rights, decision-making mechanism, and benefit distribution mechanism are discussed. Suggestions such as widening investment channels, clearing property rights and stressing social equity are given.
Forestry professional cooperative is an important economic organization form of resolving forest fragmentation and realizing large-scale operation. Taking Zhanggong Village in Jiangle County of Sanming City, Fujian Province as research object, this paper analyzes operating mechanism of forestry professional cooperative in Zhanggong Village by sorting out interviews with village cadres and villagers and combining with current condition of forestry cooperation organizations in China. Problems existed in investment mechanism, operating mechanism of property rights, decision-making mechanism, and benefit distribution mechanism are discussed. Suggestions such as widening investment channels, clearing property rights and stressing social equity are given.
2013, 12(3): 55-63.
Abstract:
Allot garden is the product of urban agriculture at a certain stage. Its main form is experiencing agriculture. Residents'participation willingness is the development foundation of allot gardens. Based on survey of 872 residents in Beijing from August to October 2012, this paper studies the impact factors of residents'participation willingness on allot gardens with binary dependent variable logistic regression model and maximum likelihood method. Results show that cognitive status, marital status, education level, age, income, occupation influence residents'participation willingness significantly. According to the results, the authors suggest that allot gardens should use suitable propaganda forms to raise the residents蒺recognition, and develop characteristic marketing programs for special groups to enhance their participation willingness.
Allot garden is the product of urban agriculture at a certain stage. Its main form is experiencing agriculture. Residents'participation willingness is the development foundation of allot gardens. Based on survey of 872 residents in Beijing from August to October 2012, this paper studies the impact factors of residents'participation willingness on allot gardens with binary dependent variable logistic regression model and maximum likelihood method. Results show that cognitive status, marital status, education level, age, income, occupation influence residents'participation willingness significantly. According to the results, the authors suggest that allot gardens should use suitable propaganda forms to raise the residents蒺recognition, and develop characteristic marketing programs for special groups to enhance their participation willingness.
2013, 12(3): 64-68.
Abstract:
Garbage sorting is an environmental-friendly method, and plays a key role in construction of ecology civilization. Based on questionnaires on 280 residents of 8 communities in Haidian, Shijingshan, Dongcheng and Xicheng districts, this paper collects the data of population characteristics, ways of knowing garbage sorting, and cognition of garbage sorting. The authors expound residents'cognition of garbage sorting with descriptive statistical analysis method. It builds multiple linear regression models to ensure the impact factors on residents'cognition. Results show that Beijing residents have higher cognition level on garbage sorting. But there exists differences among various groups. Factors such as gender, age, educational level have significant impact on cognition level of garbage sorting. The authors finally put forward that garbage sorting should be integrated into the subjects of voluntary education.
Garbage sorting is an environmental-friendly method, and plays a key role in construction of ecology civilization. Based on questionnaires on 280 residents of 8 communities in Haidian, Shijingshan, Dongcheng and Xicheng districts, this paper collects the data of population characteristics, ways of knowing garbage sorting, and cognition of garbage sorting. The authors expound residents'cognition of garbage sorting with descriptive statistical analysis method. It builds multiple linear regression models to ensure the impact factors on residents'cognition. Results show that Beijing residents have higher cognition level on garbage sorting. But there exists differences among various groups. Factors such as gender, age, educational level have significant impact on cognition level of garbage sorting. The authors finally put forward that garbage sorting should be integrated into the subjects of voluntary education.
2013, 12(3): 69-74.
Abstract:
Ecological civilization is the only way and the necessary process in realizing harmony between mankind and nature. Airport is a kind of specially artificial environment. The harmony between aircraft and birds should be paid more attention. Based on ecological civilization construction of Hohhot Baita International Airport, by comparing investigating data cooperated with College of Life Science of Inner Mongolia University in 2005 and 2011, this paper researches the effect of ecological civilization in driving birds out of airport, combined with the actual bird strike accident occurred in 2011. Results show that construction of ecological civilization is an effective measure to reduce airport bird strike. Based on the results, the authors also put forward feasible suggestions of driving birds out at airport.
Ecological civilization is the only way and the necessary process in realizing harmony between mankind and nature. Airport is a kind of specially artificial environment. The harmony between aircraft and birds should be paid more attention. Based on ecological civilization construction of Hohhot Baita International Airport, by comparing investigating data cooperated with College of Life Science of Inner Mongolia University in 2005 and 2011, this paper researches the effect of ecological civilization in driving birds out of airport, combined with the actual bird strike accident occurred in 2011. Results show that construction of ecological civilization is an effective measure to reduce airport bird strike. Based on the results, the authors also put forward feasible suggestions of driving birds out at airport.
2013, 12(3): 75-80.
Abstract:
At Present, skiing tourism has become an important industry in 80 countries with rich mountain resources and forms whole industrial chains. The development of international skiing tourism can be divided into four steps: initial stage in which sports is dominating role and tourism is assistant function, developing stage with a integrating of sports and tourism, expanding stage and diversified upgrading stage. The world-wide skiing resorts are mainly located in Europe, North America, and East Asia, where Japan, South Korea and China are the primary areas. This paper put forward suggestions on sustainable development of skiing tourism in China based on learning typical develop patterns of France, Switzerland, Italy, America, Canada and North Korea, which have well-developed skiing tourism.
At Present, skiing tourism has become an important industry in 80 countries with rich mountain resources and forms whole industrial chains. The development of international skiing tourism can be divided into four steps: initial stage in which sports is dominating role and tourism is assistant function, developing stage with a integrating of sports and tourism, expanding stage and diversified upgrading stage. The world-wide skiing resorts are mainly located in Europe, North America, and East Asia, where Japan, South Korea and China are the primary areas. This paper put forward suggestions on sustainable development of skiing tourism in China based on learning typical develop patterns of France, Switzerland, Italy, America, Canada and North Korea, which have well-developed skiing tourism.
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