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2013 Vol. 12, No. 2
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2013, 12(2): 1-7.
Abstract:
As the first royal garden in the Six Dynasties, Hualin Garden had more than 300 years of history. The Garden had a large number of landscape constructions such as Jingyang Mountain, Tianyuan pond, Jingyang Tower, Huaguang Palace etc. As a garden, Hualin Garden was a place where the emperors had a variety of activities, such as strolling, holding banquets, composing poems, gambling for shooting arrows, and mastering horse etc. As the first royal garden in the Six Dynasties, Hualin Garden also played an important political role, such as being the place for emperor hearing, palace coup, learning the classics, editing books under the emperors-command etc. The Six Dynasties is a critical transition period for the classical Chinese garden art, and Hualin Garden had great significance as a representative of that period. It takes an important position in the history of Chinese classical gardens.
As the first royal garden in the Six Dynasties, Hualin Garden had more than 300 years of history. The Garden had a large number of landscape constructions such as Jingyang Mountain, Tianyuan pond, Jingyang Tower, Huaguang Palace etc. As a garden, Hualin Garden was a place where the emperors had a variety of activities, such as strolling, holding banquets, composing poems, gambling for shooting arrows, and mastering horse etc. As the first royal garden in the Six Dynasties, Hualin Garden also played an important political role, such as being the place for emperor hearing, palace coup, learning the classics, editing books under the emperors-command etc. The Six Dynasties is a critical transition period for the classical Chinese garden art, and Hualin Garden had great significance as a representative of that period. It takes an important position in the history of Chinese classical gardens.
2013, 12(2): 8-13.
Abstract:
Fascinating scenery of Hangzhou Westlake, Zhejiang Province was a key inspiration source of royal garden design in the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279). Cold Spring played a significant role in scene imitation of Westlake. Based on textual study, image analysis and investigation of the gardens and relics, this paper researches the causes, effects and significance of scene imitation of Cold Spring, discusses its important cultural value and meaning to the cultural heritage of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Fascinating scenery of Hangzhou Westlake, Zhejiang Province was a key inspiration source of royal garden design in the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279). Cold Spring played a significant role in scene imitation of Westlake. Based on textual study, image analysis and investigation of the gardens and relics, this paper researches the causes, effects and significance of scene imitation of Cold Spring, discusses its important cultural value and meaning to the cultural heritage of the Southern Song Dynasty.
2013, 12(2): 14-18.
Abstract:
Since English landscape garden was introduced into Europe, landscape garden in concept is no longer just the enjoyment of picturesque scenery, but the landscape planning ideas combining with the development of economy and society. Taking Ermenonvill planned by Girardin in France and Muskau planned by Pückler in Germany as examples, this paper analyzes the influence of planning ideas, methods and cases, attests landscape planning ideas and practices of European landscape gardens, and discusses the similarities and differences between the two cases. Landscape planning represented by the two cases continues the developing trend of landscape garden, and shows multiplicity of planning ideas. European landscape planning takes landscape garden as a carrier, improves socio-economic development and all-round progress of the area. Inspirations to Chinese landscape planning practice are put forward.
Since English landscape garden was introduced into Europe, landscape garden in concept is no longer just the enjoyment of picturesque scenery, but the landscape planning ideas combining with the development of economy and society. Taking Ermenonvill planned by Girardin in France and Muskau planned by Pückler in Germany as examples, this paper analyzes the influence of planning ideas, methods and cases, attests landscape planning ideas and practices of European landscape gardens, and discusses the similarities and differences between the two cases. Landscape planning represented by the two cases continues the developing trend of landscape garden, and shows multiplicity of planning ideas. European landscape planning takes landscape garden as a carrier, improves socio-economic development and all-round progress of the area. Inspirations to Chinese landscape planning practice are put forward.
2013, 12(2): 19-24.
Abstract:
Yucen Garden, whose burial form is ashes gallery, is located at western part of the mountain border in Beijing Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. It is a traditional Chinese cemetery with socialist content and national form, and integrating with function, culture and nature. The design of Yucen Garden is on the basis of the relationship between cemetery and garden art, which applies the theory and method of Chinese traditional garden design to usage, aesthetics and intensive design to reach the maximum of ashes case frames, creating the artificial from nature and making the artificial true to nature. To fulfill this purpose, we can borrow the artistic power of Chinese literature.
Yucen Garden, whose burial form is ashes gallery, is located at western part of the mountain border in Beijing Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. It is a traditional Chinese cemetery with socialist content and national form, and integrating with function, culture and nature. The design of Yucen Garden is on the basis of the relationship between cemetery and garden art, which applies the theory and method of Chinese traditional garden design to usage, aesthetics and intensive design to reach the maximum of ashes case frames, creating the artificial from nature and making the artificial true to nature. To fulfill this purpose, we can borrow the artistic power of Chinese literature.
2013, 12(2): 25-30.
Abstract:
This paper puts forward a monitoring and evaluation system of ecological and environmental management of plantation to coincide with the construction and management of plantation in China by using the common theories and methods of monitoring and evaluation in the world. It aims at the main technical measures taken in ecological and environmental management of plantation, which include selecting tree species in forestation and protecting current vegetation, soil and water conservation, site productivity maintenance, biodiversity protection, safety usage of the chemical and biological preparation, and forestry harmful biology control. The divisions, regulations, monitoring indexes and methods, evaluation standards and results application are analyzed. Policy suggestions are given for reference.
This paper puts forward a monitoring and evaluation system of ecological and environmental management of plantation to coincide with the construction and management of plantation in China by using the common theories and methods of monitoring and evaluation in the world. It aims at the main technical measures taken in ecological and environmental management of plantation, which include selecting tree species in forestation and protecting current vegetation, soil and water conservation, site productivity maintenance, biodiversity protection, safety usage of the chemical and biological preparation, and forestry harmful biology control. The divisions, regulations, monitoring indexes and methods, evaluation standards and results application are analyzed. Policy suggestions are given for reference.
2013, 12(2): 31-35.
Abstract:
Advantages of community participation make ecotourism become an important operation way of nature reserve management. But void land ownership causes the joint control of tourism exploitation by political power and enterprise capital. Community participation becomes a formality. Collevtive Forest Tenure Reform gives farmers ownership of forest right, and grants community to choice and control the right of tourism exploitation. Farmers'income is protected, and they can substantially participate in management. Transition of government's role and strengthening of community power finally push the progress of avoiding the tragedy of the commons, coordinating development with protect, and combining benefit and fair of area and social class. The model of community controlling tourism exploitation will be built. The in-depth participation of community can improve all-round update of nature reserve functions.
Advantages of community participation make ecotourism become an important operation way of nature reserve management. But void land ownership causes the joint control of tourism exploitation by political power and enterprise capital. Community participation becomes a formality. Collevtive Forest Tenure Reform gives farmers ownership of forest right, and grants community to choice and control the right of tourism exploitation. Farmers'income is protected, and they can substantially participate in management. Transition of government's role and strengthening of community power finally push the progress of avoiding the tragedy of the commons, coordinating development with protect, and combining benefit and fair of area and social class. The model of community controlling tourism exploitation will be built. The in-depth participation of community can improve all-round update of nature reserve functions.
2013, 12(2): 36-40.
Abstract:
Scientific evaluation on ecological benefit of urban forest is the foundation of effective management of urban forest. This paper chooses urban forest management agencies as respondents, and uses the method of mailed-in questionnaires. The investigation includes urban forest coverage rate, most- concerned indexes of ecological benefits of urban forest, and progress of ecological benefits evaluation. Feedbacks from 95 cities are analyzed together with other collected statistical data to identify main factors that affecting the implementation of evaluation. The results show that evaluations on ecological benefits of urban forest in China are still at a beginning stage. The indexes including good climatic and geographical conditions, abundant natural tourism resources, and government participation in the election of environmental rewards have significant influences on the evaluation. While the socio-economic condition has less effects. Meanwhile, there is a high consistency on the concern of ecological benefits of urban forest between urban forestry administrative authorities and researchers. Recommendations are given to deal with the identified problems, and to improve the assessment of ecological benefits of urban forest.
Scientific evaluation on ecological benefit of urban forest is the foundation of effective management of urban forest. This paper chooses urban forest management agencies as respondents, and uses the method of mailed-in questionnaires. The investigation includes urban forest coverage rate, most- concerned indexes of ecological benefits of urban forest, and progress of ecological benefits evaluation. Feedbacks from 95 cities are analyzed together with other collected statistical data to identify main factors that affecting the implementation of evaluation. The results show that evaluations on ecological benefits of urban forest in China are still at a beginning stage. The indexes including good climatic and geographical conditions, abundant natural tourism resources, and government participation in the election of environmental rewards have significant influences on the evaluation. While the socio-economic condition has less effects. Meanwhile, there is a high consistency on the concern of ecological benefits of urban forest between urban forestry administrative authorities and researchers. Recommendations are given to deal with the identified problems, and to improve the assessment of ecological benefits of urban forest.
2013, 12(2): 41-46.
Abstract:
Based on mechanism design theory, this paper analyzes information efficiency of forestry credit products according to the fundamental economic features of forestry production in China. Theory model analysis shows that forestry property rights mortgage loan is the optimal choice, joint guarantee loan is the suboptimal choice. The authors put forward following suggestions: enhancing competition between financial institutions, perfecting boundary demarcation and confirmation of land right, forest right certification management and its circulation system, developing asset evaluation and guarantee agencies, improving system construction of discount loan, forest insurance, logging and eco鄄compensation.
Based on mechanism design theory, this paper analyzes information efficiency of forestry credit products according to the fundamental economic features of forestry production in China. Theory model analysis shows that forestry property rights mortgage loan is the optimal choice, joint guarantee loan is the suboptimal choice. The authors put forward following suggestions: enhancing competition between financial institutions, perfecting boundary demarcation and confirmation of land right, forest right certification management and its circulation system, developing asset evaluation and guarantee agencies, improving system construction of discount loan, forest insurance, logging and eco鄄compensation.
2013, 12(2): 47-53.
Abstract:
Being a new form of urban agriculture, allot gardens have widely thrived in Beijing in recent years, and attracked government's attention. But they encounter many difficulties and lack of right business strategy at present. Based on field survey of 11 allot gardens in Beijing, this paper analyzes their internal and external operating environment by SWOT analysis, uses AHP model to quantitatively measure the SWOT factors, and makes a scientific position of their business strategy. Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the development of allot gardens in Beijing.
Being a new form of urban agriculture, allot gardens have widely thrived in Beijing in recent years, and attracked government's attention. But they encounter many difficulties and lack of right business strategy at present. Based on field survey of 11 allot gardens in Beijing, this paper analyzes their internal and external operating environment by SWOT analysis, uses AHP model to quantitatively measure the SWOT factors, and makes a scientific position of their business strategy. Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the development of allot gardens in Beijing.
2013, 12(2): 54-57.
Abstract:
It is of great significance to develop biomass energy in Henan Province, an agricultural province with a large number of population, based on its resources potential for increasing farmers' income, constructing the new countryside and for agricultural development. This paper studies realistic resource potential and long-term resource potential of Henan Province by curve estimation. The results show that the biomass energy resources in Henan Province have huge potential. The reserves of realistic resource potential are up to 82. 698 million tons. Moreover, the reserves level of biomass energy resources in Henan Province will show a long term growing trend.
It is of great significance to develop biomass energy in Henan Province, an agricultural province with a large number of population, based on its resources potential for increasing farmers' income, constructing the new countryside and for agricultural development. This paper studies realistic resource potential and long-term resource potential of Henan Province by curve estimation. The results show that the biomass energy resources in Henan Province have huge potential. The reserves of realistic resource potential are up to 82. 698 million tons. Moreover, the reserves level of biomass energy resources in Henan Province will show a long term growing trend.
2013, 12(2): 58-62.
Abstract:
The generation rate of municipal solid waste has been accelerated by the raising level of economic development and urbanization. Municipal solid waste, which is huge and with complex types, used to be handled in unreasonable ways in the past such as landfill and incineration. This leads to a great pollution to the environment. However, with single organic component and a wide range of utilization and less environmental pollution, urban greening waste and wooden waste are suitable for recycling process among municipal solid waste. It is an important part of the recycling economy. Based on the successful experience at home and abroad, this paper discusses the reasonable models of recycling urban greening waste and wooden waste. Recycling mode of urban greening waste and wood waste is established from the viewpionts of basic objectives and optimized adjustment of utilization. It is of great significance in accelerating social development of circular economy and low鄄carbon economy, as well as the management and planning of urban environment
The generation rate of municipal solid waste has been accelerated by the raising level of economic development and urbanization. Municipal solid waste, which is huge and with complex types, used to be handled in unreasonable ways in the past such as landfill and incineration. This leads to a great pollution to the environment. However, with single organic component and a wide range of utilization and less environmental pollution, urban greening waste and wooden waste are suitable for recycling process among municipal solid waste. It is an important part of the recycling economy. Based on the successful experience at home and abroad, this paper discusses the reasonable models of recycling urban greening waste and wooden waste. Recycling mode of urban greening waste and wood waste is established from the viewpionts of basic objectives and optimized adjustment of utilization. It is of great significance in accelerating social development of circular economy and low鄄carbon economy, as well as the management and planning of urban environment
2013, 12(2): 63-68.
Abstract:
This paper discusses the bio-ethical concern of narrative practice after a brief review of the development of this endeavor and its introduction to China. The bio-ethical concerns of narrative practice include its emphasis on equality of life rights, its approach of human ecological harmony and its enrichment of life-meaning. The potentials of narrative practice are analyzed, such as its combination with Chinese culture, transcendental implications and ecological implications. The author maintains that bio-ethical concerns of narrative practice play an important role in realizing its potentials.
This paper discusses the bio-ethical concern of narrative practice after a brief review of the development of this endeavor and its introduction to China. The bio-ethical concerns of narrative practice include its emphasis on equality of life rights, its approach of human ecological harmony and its enrichment of life-meaning. The potentials of narrative practice are analyzed, such as its combination with Chinese culture, transcendental implications and ecological implications. The author maintains that bio-ethical concerns of narrative practice play an important role in realizing its potentials.
2013, 12(2): 69-72.
Abstract:
Chinese name of Lily and its original plant are analyzed by researching ancient and modern literature. The results show that there are more than 30 different names of Lily plant in existing literature. Being the name of liliaceous plants, Lily is derived from morphology of the bulb in Erya(《尔雅翼?and a herbal medicine for a disease named Baihe(百合? in Compendium of Materia Medica (《本草纲 目?. In medical literature of ancient Chinese, there are also many species of original plants named as Lily. In addition to Lilium lancifoliam Thunb. ,Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker, Lilium pumilum DC. , other species such as Magnoliaceae or Leguminous plants are also regard as original plants of Lily. Therefore, its name and original plants are many and confused. This phenomenon should be clarified in research.
Chinese name of Lily and its original plant are analyzed by researching ancient and modern literature. The results show that there are more than 30 different names of Lily plant in existing literature. Being the name of liliaceous plants, Lily is derived from morphology of the bulb in Erya(《尔雅翼?and a herbal medicine for a disease named Baihe(百合? in Compendium of Materia Medica (《本草纲 目?. In medical literature of ancient Chinese, there are also many species of original plants named as Lily. In addition to Lilium lancifoliam Thunb. ,Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker, Lilium pumilum DC. , other species such as Magnoliaceae or Leguminous plants are also regard as original plants of Lily. Therefore, its name and original plants are many and confused. This phenomenon should be clarified in research.
2013, 12(2): 73-78.
Abstract:
The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter is a classical story about bamboo and a symbol of Japanese bamboo culture. This paper analyzes and makes a textual study on Japanese bamboo culture and its biological features by choosing eight aspects in the Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, which include distribution of bamboo in Heian Period(794?185), relations among March, growing-up and naming, bamboo root and 10 cm, and so on.
The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter is a classical story about bamboo and a symbol of Japanese bamboo culture. This paper analyzes and makes a textual study on Japanese bamboo culture and its biological features by choosing eight aspects in the Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, which include distribution of bamboo in Heian Period(794?185), relations among March, growing-up and naming, bamboo root and 10 cm, and so on.
2013, 12(2): 79-83.
Abstract:
In all dynasties of Chinese history, there were not only government agencies, activities and regulations of environment protection, but also a set of official assessment systems. Summarizing and popularizing these precious budding thoughts, using their essence part and practicing them into modern construction of environment and ecology can help us to establish a new type of official assessment system based on green economic growth and the idea of ecological development concept. It has a profound meaning for current and future construction and research of ecological civilization
In all dynasties of Chinese history, there were not only government agencies, activities and regulations of environment protection, but also a set of official assessment systems. Summarizing and popularizing these precious budding thoughts, using their essence part and practicing them into modern construction of environment and ecology can help us to establish a new type of official assessment system based on green economic growth and the idea of ecological development concept. It has a profound meaning for current and future construction and research of ecological civilization
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