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2011 Vol. 10, No. 4
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2011, 10(4): 1-6.
Abstract:
modern times, forest resources in Gansu Province were severely damaged, the ecological environment degenerated continuously, the natural disasters occurred frequently, and the economic development was draggled. In period of the Republic of China, people began to concern forestry ecological deterioration in Gansu and study the reasons of it. They found that there were internal relationships between natural disasters and forestry ecological deterioration. The flood at middle and lower reaches of Yellow River and Yangtze River also contributed to the ecological degeneration in Gansu Province. They proposed the methods such as protecting forests, afforestation to resolve these problems. These ideology improved peoples consciousness of forests ecological protection and awareness of maintaining ecological balance, prevented further deterioration of the forest ecosystems and promoted forestry activities such as afforestation, soil and water conservation, sandstorm prevention, etc.
modern times, forest resources in Gansu Province were severely damaged, the ecological environment degenerated continuously, the natural disasters occurred frequently, and the economic development was draggled. In period of the Republic of China, people began to concern forestry ecological deterioration in Gansu and study the reasons of it. They found that there were internal relationships between natural disasters and forestry ecological deterioration. The flood at middle and lower reaches of Yellow River and Yangtze River also contributed to the ecological degeneration in Gansu Province. They proposed the methods such as protecting forests, afforestation to resolve these problems. These ideology improved peoples consciousness of forests ecological protection and awareness of maintaining ecological balance, prevented further deterioration of the forest ecosystems and promoted forestry activities such as afforestation, soil and water conservation, sandstorm prevention, etc.
2011, 10(4): 7-13.
Abstract:
Analyzing 407 questionnaires about bamboo culture in Yiyang District, the authors find that bamboo has not only penetrated into the folk society，including food and drink, irrigation, architecture, traffic, writing materials, music instrument, but also became the symbol of celebration, memorial ceremony, literature, painting and expressing emotions. This paper put forwards suggestions to develop bamboo industry in Yiyang district, such as giving full play to the foundation role of bamboo culture, emphasizing the penetration and integration of bamboo industry with bamboo culture, and advocating the operating mode of sharing development achievements with local district.
Analyzing 407 questionnaires about bamboo culture in Yiyang District, the authors find that bamboo has not only penetrated into the folk society，including food and drink, irrigation, architecture, traffic, writing materials, music instrument, but also became the symbol of celebration, memorial ceremony, literature, painting and expressing emotions. This paper put forwards suggestions to develop bamboo industry in Yiyang district, such as giving full play to the foundation role of bamboo culture, emphasizing the penetration and integration of bamboo industry with bamboo culture, and advocating the operating mode of sharing development achievements with local district.
2011, 10(4): 14-20.
Abstract:
the beginning of 1990s, there were some theoretical and practical studies on forestry ecocompensation in China. The government promulgated a series of regulations, established forest ecocompensation mechanism. Present problems of legal system of ecological compensation include unclear definition for ecocompensation, limited framework of ecological compensation, lower subsidy standard, simple source of compensation money , and insufficiency of marketbased regime etc. The author holds the viewpoints that a relatively clear and uniform definition for ecocompensation should be established. We should build scientific compensation standards and develop more sources of finance for these schemes. Perfecting legal system can provide better guarantee to promote the institutionalization of forestry ecological compensation. Being the earliest ecocompensation in China, the mechanism of forest ecocompensation can provide experience for ecocompensations in other fields.
the beginning of 1990s, there were some theoretical and practical studies on forestry ecocompensation in China. The government promulgated a series of regulations, established forest ecocompensation mechanism. Present problems of legal system of ecological compensation include unclear definition for ecocompensation, limited framework of ecological compensation, lower subsidy standard, simple source of compensation money , and insufficiency of marketbased regime etc. The author holds the viewpoints that a relatively clear and uniform definition for ecocompensation should be established. We should build scientific compensation standards and develop more sources of finance for these schemes. Perfecting legal system can provide better guarantee to promote the institutionalization of forestry ecological compensation. Being the earliest ecocompensation in China, the mechanism of forest ecocompensation can provide experience for ecocompensations in other fields.
2011, 10(4): 21-25.
Abstract:
Corner spaces appear widely in private gardens in areas of southern Yangtze River in China. The configuration and layout of corner space is an important method to process garden spaces. This paper analyzes the types, landscape characteristics and positions of corner spaces, and proposes that corner space makes buildings blend perfectly with the courtyards, and is an important element for creating the plenty spaces. This research can improve the comprehension of space design methods of traditional gardens, and enrich the ideas of garden designers.
Corner spaces appear widely in private gardens in areas of southern Yangtze River in China. The configuration and layout of corner space is an important method to process garden spaces. This paper analyzes the types, landscape characteristics and positions of corner spaces, and proposes that corner space makes buildings blend perfectly with the courtyards, and is an important element for creating the plenty spaces. This research can improve the comprehension of space design methods of traditional gardens, and enrich the ideas of garden designers.
2011, 10(4): 26-29.
Abstract:
The Princes mansions of Qing Dynasty, which embodies the historical and cultural characteristics of Beijing are mostly located in inner city of Beijing. Prefecture Prince Duans mansion has been destroyed and vanished in the development of Beijing city. Through literature consulting, comparison of historical maps and spot investigation, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the architecture and garden form, traces and arranges the historical evolution, building layout, form comparison, actuality of its garden and location of Prefecture Prince Duan’s mansion. This research has great significance for protection and utilization of the Princes mansions in Beijing.
The Princes mansions of Qing Dynasty, which embodies the historical and cultural characteristics of Beijing are mostly located in inner city of Beijing. Prefecture Prince Duans mansion has been destroyed and vanished in the development of Beijing city. Through literature consulting, comparison of historical maps and spot investigation, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the architecture and garden form, traces and arranges the historical evolution, building layout, form comparison, actuality of its garden and location of Prefecture Prince Duan’s mansion. This research has great significance for protection and utilization of the Princes mansions in Beijing.
2011, 10(4): 30-37.
Abstract:
Ten typical urban park plantscapes in Shenzhen were evaluated using AHP method and psychophysiological indicators. The physiological reactions of 30 college students were measured in electrocardiogram, blood pressure, heart rate, fingertip temperature, and galvanic skin response. Psychological reactions of the participants were tested by statetrait anxiety inventory and profile of mood states. Results show that the multilayer plantscapes and palms plantscapes are excellent appraised using AHP method, which can decrease participants blood pressure and heart rate, reduce the degree of stress and anxiety, and make people relax. The results are highly consistent between the two evaluation methods, which further verify that using psychophysiological indicators to evaluate plantscapes are reliable.
Ten typical urban park plantscapes in Shenzhen were evaluated using AHP method and psychophysiological indicators. The physiological reactions of 30 college students were measured in electrocardiogram, blood pressure, heart rate, fingertip temperature, and galvanic skin response. Psychological reactions of the participants were tested by statetrait anxiety inventory and profile of mood states. Results show that the multilayer plantscapes and palms plantscapes are excellent appraised using AHP method, which can decrease participants blood pressure and heart rate, reduce the degree of stress and anxiety, and make people relax. The results are highly consistent between the two evaluation methods, which further verify that using psychophysiological indicators to evaluate plantscapes are reliable.
2011, 10(4): 38-43.
Abstract:
Based on spot investigation data of 42 country parks in Beijing, using method of mathematical statistics, this paper selects eight indexes which can reflect the building situations of vegetation and infrastructure, namely ratio of green space, proportion of road land, branch density, proportion of building land, proportion of square land, setting density of picture posters of popular science，setting density of plant marking brands, setting strength of recreation facilities. According to these indexes, the country parks are classified into three types, which are exercising recreation type, close to the natural type and integrating type. Characteristics of the three types of country parks are analyzed. This study can provide reference to perfect the building of country parks.
Based on spot investigation data of 42 country parks in Beijing, using method of mathematical statistics, this paper selects eight indexes which can reflect the building situations of vegetation and infrastructure, namely ratio of green space, proportion of road land, branch density, proportion of building land, proportion of square land, setting density of picture posters of popular science，setting density of plant marking brands, setting strength of recreation facilities. According to these indexes, the country parks are classified into three types, which are exercising recreation type, close to the natural type and integrating type. Characteristics of the three types of country parks are analyzed. This study can provide reference to perfect the building of country parks.
2011, 10(4): 44-48.
Abstract:
To establish a scientific and reasonable township ecological leisure park system and ensure the success of one township one park project, this paper sets three levels of structure, i.e. the layout planning, index control planning and demonstration park planning from aspects of macroscopic perspective, intermediate perspective and microscopic perspective. Different planning level solves the corresponding questions, which guarantees the feasibility and successful implementation of the one township one park project.
To establish a scientific and reasonable township ecological leisure park system and ensure the success of one township one park project, this paper sets three levels of structure, i.e. the layout planning, index control planning and demonstration park planning from aspects of macroscopic perspective, intermediate perspective and microscopic perspective. Different planning level solves the corresponding questions, which guarantees the feasibility and successful implementation of the one township one park project.
Innovation of Stateowned Forest Management from Perspective of China’s State-owned Forest Resources
2011, 10(4): 49-53.
Abstract:
China is in a period of social transition. The protection and development of stateowned forest resources and the socioeconomic progress of stateowned forest areas are facing important opportunities as well as challenges. Social transition promotes institutional change, and consequently leads to the innovation of stateowned forest management. The major issues of innovation of stateowned forest management are accurate and clear understanding of three questions, i.e. what is stateowned forest? Who should manage the stateowned forests? How to manage the stateowned forests? Efforts should be made to develop and improve stateowned forest management legislation. Bottleneck problems of stateowned forest management should be solved, and new environment should be created for stateowned forest management to provide better service for national economic and social development.
China is in a period of social transition. The protection and development of stateowned forest resources and the socioeconomic progress of stateowned forest areas are facing important opportunities as well as challenges. Social transition promotes institutional change, and consequently leads to the innovation of stateowned forest management. The major issues of innovation of stateowned forest management are accurate and clear understanding of three questions, i.e. what is stateowned forest? Who should manage the stateowned forests? How to manage the stateowned forests? Efforts should be made to develop and improve stateowned forest management legislation. Bottleneck problems of stateowned forest management should be solved, and new environment should be created for stateowned forest management to provide better service for national economic and social development.
Technology Spillover Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Papermaking and Paper Products Industry
2011, 10(4): 54-58.
Abstract:
According to practical situations of Chinese papermaking and paper products industry，this paper analyzes the technology spillover channels of foreign direct investment on chinese papermaking and paper products industry, carries out the empirical analysis of technology spillover effects of foreign direct investment. Results prove that significant effects exist in technology spillover of foreign direct investment on Chinese papermaking and paper products industry. Countermeasures are provided to enhance technology spillover effects of foreign direct investment according to different channels of technology spillover.
According to practical situations of Chinese papermaking and paper products industry，this paper analyzes the technology spillover channels of foreign direct investment on chinese papermaking and paper products industry, carries out the empirical analysis of technology spillover effects of foreign direct investment. Results prove that significant effects exist in technology spillover of foreign direct investment on Chinese papermaking and paper products industry. Countermeasures are provided to enhance technology spillover effects of foreign direct investment according to different channels of technology spillover.
2011, 10(4): 59-64.
Abstract:
With the data of forestry production in Wulong county of Chongqing city in 2009，this paper measures the forestry production efficiency of the sample farmers, analyzes its relative influencing factors using methods of data envelopment analysis and regression analysis．Results show that the most important factors are the ratio of forestry income in whole family income, and the education background of the head of household. The most effective measures to enhance forestry production efficiency in natural forest protection areas are strengthening the joint management of farmers and corporations, and providing well education for farmers－/span>
With the data of forestry production in Wulong county of Chongqing city in 2009，this paper measures the forestry production efficiency of the sample farmers, analyzes its relative influencing factors using methods of data envelopment analysis and regression analysis．Results show that the most important factors are the ratio of forestry income in whole family income, and the education background of the head of household. The most effective measures to enhance forestry production efficiency in natural forest protection areas are strengthening the joint management of farmers and corporations, and providing well education for farmers－/span>
2011, 10(4): 65-71.
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the factors affecting farmers demand of forestryright mortgage loan, and uses the Probit model to test the relationship between every factor and farmers demand of forestryright mortgage loan. The research is based on the survey of randomly selected 200 farmers in 9 villages in Suichang county of Zhejiang province in 2010. Results show that the main influencing factors of farmers demand of forestryright mortgage loan include age of the head of household, usage of the loan, number of labors, family expenditure, and proportion of forestry income to total household income. Suggestions are put forward.
This paper analyzes the factors affecting farmers demand of forestryright mortgage loan, and uses the Probit model to test the relationship between every factor and farmers demand of forestryright mortgage loan. The research is based on the survey of randomly selected 200 farmers in 9 villages in Suichang county of Zhejiang province in 2010. Results show that the main influencing factors of farmers demand of forestryright mortgage loan include age of the head of household, usage of the loan, number of labors, family expenditure, and proportion of forestry income to total household income. Suggestions are put forward.
2011, 10(4): 72-75.
Abstract:
This paper establishes five indexes, i.e. the total output value of furniture industry, the gross industrial output value, the market share, the total turnover of production, and the proportion of furniture output to total forestry output value in per provinces, to make an empirical analysis on the regional economic competitiveness of furniture industry in China. This paper provides reference for furniture industry policy making.
This paper establishes five indexes, i.e. the total output value of furniture industry, the gross industrial output value, the market share, the total turnover of production, and the proportion of furniture output to total forestry output value in per provinces, to make an empirical analysis on the regional economic competitiveness of furniture industry in China. This paper provides reference for furniture industry policy making.
2011, 10(4): 76-81.
Abstract:
Metaphor is a subject which has attracted wide attention. This paper discusses the semiotic nature, cognitive features and understanding process of metaphor from a Peircean semiotic perspective. It shows that metaphor is a hypoicon that describes a parallelism in something else, with comparatively low degree of iconicity. As a common language phenomenon, it has such cognitive features as similarity, interactivity and multimodality. The understanding of metaphor is realized on the base of subjective interpretation, with a new interpretant created through the interaction between the interpretants of the vehicle and the tenor. Result indicates that Peircean semiotic theory is of great significance in the construction of a cognitive-semantic theory of metaphor.
Metaphor is a subject which has attracted wide attention. This paper discusses the semiotic nature, cognitive features and understanding process of metaphor from a Peircean semiotic perspective. It shows that metaphor is a hypoicon that describes a parallelism in something else, with comparatively low degree of iconicity. As a common language phenomenon, it has such cognitive features as similarity, interactivity and multimodality. The understanding of metaphor is realized on the base of subjective interpretation, with a new interpretant created through the interaction between the interpretants of the vehicle and the tenor. Result indicates that Peircean semiotic theory is of great significance in the construction of a cognitive-semantic theory of metaphor.
2011, 10(4): 82-85.
Abstract:
At present, there are four basic forms of civilization, namely material civilization, spiritual civilization, political civilization and ecological civilization. In these civilization forms, ecological civilization is the basis of other civilizations and has an important position. Being a form of human civilization, law should meet the requirements of ecological civilization. According to the requirements of ecological civilization, social justice should be the goal in the process of law construction from viewpoint of valve orientation.
At present, there are four basic forms of civilization, namely material civilization, spiritual civilization, political civilization and ecological civilization. In these civilization forms, ecological civilization is the basis of other civilizations and has an important position. Being a form of human civilization, law should meet the requirements of ecological civilization. According to the requirements of ecological civilization, social justice should be the goal in the process of law construction from viewpoint of valve orientation.
2011, 10(4): 86-91.
Abstract:
In America’s first conservation movement, Gifford Pinchot played an important role and proposed many influential conservation policies for American federal government. He realized the limitedness of natural resources, called for their scientific management, urged the government to have stricter regulations over public land, and embedded conservation with moral significance by linking it with social justice and international peace. Analyzing Pinchot’s conservationism is of great significance for our understanding of the development of twentiethcentury American environmentalism. His ideas can also provide enlightenment to the conservation of natural resources and environment in China.
In America’s first conservation movement, Gifford Pinchot played an important role and proposed many influential conservation policies for American federal government. He realized the limitedness of natural resources, called for their scientific management, urged the government to have stricter regulations over public land, and embedded conservation with moral significance by linking it with social justice and international peace. Analyzing Pinchot’s conservationism is of great significance for our understanding of the development of twentiethcentury American environmentalism. His ideas can also provide enlightenment to the conservation of natural resources and environment in China.
2011, 10(4): 93-97.
Abstract:
The opening up and working smoothly of the Silk Road is impossible without support of oasis, and this support is realized through oasis various functions. Posthouse in oasis should ensure the stream of people and goods going forward in the Silk Road. There must be military and administrative institution to defend city, settle down citizens, and have proper armed force to ensure safety of the Silk Road. Enough food is necessary. Communication, military institution and cultivation promote the appearance of commercial market, which creates large amount of wealth. This wealth consequently provides guarantee to communication, national defense and cultivation. It is just that the mutually operation of posthouse, stationed army, cultivation and commercial market in oasis makes the Silk Road run through in history.
The opening up and working smoothly of the Silk Road is impossible without support of oasis, and this support is realized through oasis various functions. Posthouse in oasis should ensure the stream of people and goods going forward in the Silk Road. There must be military and administrative institution to defend city, settle down citizens, and have proper armed force to ensure safety of the Silk Road. Enough food is necessary. Communication, military institution and cultivation promote the appearance of commercial market, which creates large amount of wealth. This wealth consequently provides guarantee to communication, national defense and cultivation. It is just that the mutually operation of posthouse, stationed army, cultivation and commercial market in oasis makes the Silk Road run through in history.
2011, 10(4): 98-101.
Abstract:
With Price Theorem and comprehensive index method, this paper carries out a statistical analysis of the number of papers issued, citation frequency and download frequency of Journal of Beijing Forestry University from 2000 to 2010. 30 core authors are determined. The institution, geodistribution and research fields of these authors are analyzed. Results show that most of the core authors are from Beijing Forestry University. Their papers are based on national or local research programs. The research fields of their papers are mainly in forestry，water and soil conservation, and bioscience.
With Price Theorem and comprehensive index method, this paper carries out a statistical analysis of the number of papers issued, citation frequency and download frequency of Journal of Beijing Forestry University from 2000 to 2010. 30 core authors are determined. The institution, geodistribution and research fields of these authors are analyzed. Results show that most of the core authors are from Beijing Forestry University. Their papers are based on national or local research programs. The research fields of their papers are mainly in forestry，water and soil conservation, and bioscience.
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