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2010 Vol. 9, No. 2
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2010, 9(2): 1-5.
Abstract:
As a kind of cultural formation with particular connotation, forest culture serves as an inseparable part in the Chinese cultural system. From viewpoint of Chinese culture development, this paper focuses on the relationship between forest culture and origin of Chinese culture, the essential spirits of Chinese culture, and the construction of Chinese culture to recognize clearly historical meaning and modern value of forest culture in Chinese culture development.
As a kind of cultural formation with particular connotation, forest culture serves as an inseparable part in the Chinese cultural system. From viewpoint of Chinese culture development, this paper focuses on the relationship between forest culture and origin of Chinese culture, the essential spirits of Chinese culture, and the construction of Chinese culture to recognize clearly historical meaning and modern value of forest culture in Chinese culture development.
2010, 9(2): 6-9.
Abstract:
This paper investigates and analyzes the historical origin, protection history, and biological resources of Wanmulin(万木?Woodland of Thousands Species) in Fujian Province. Wanmulin is middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is gradually evolved from artificial fir plantation. It is an example of the combination of forest protection and natural succession. From viewpoint of modern ecology, this paper believes that Wanmulin can give us implications on restoring nature ecologically, protecting biodiversity, maintaining intergenerational equity, treating nature friendly, and disposing relationship between human and nature properly.
This paper investigates and analyzes the historical origin, protection history, and biological resources of Wanmulin(万木?Woodland of Thousands Species) in Fujian Province. Wanmulin is middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is gradually evolved from artificial fir plantation. It is an example of the combination of forest protection and natural succession. From viewpoint of modern ecology, this paper believes that Wanmulin can give us implications on restoring nature ecologically, protecting biodiversity, maintaining intergenerational equity, treating nature friendly, and disposing relationship between human and nature properly.
2010, 9(2): 10-14.
Abstract:
Ancient wood is a kind of natural plastic art and a new research field of forest culture. Taking ancient woods displayed in Changxing Oriental Ancient Wood Museum in Zhejiang Province as examples, this paper divides these woods into four types, i.e. the deified wood, wave wood, buried wood in Sichuan Province, the fossil wood and wood fossil jade according to their places of collecting, process of formation, forms and colors, textures and structures and other factors. Based on characteristics of these woods, the paper tries to appreciate their natural beauty, ancient beauty, fancy and unskillful beauty, life beauty from viewpoint of aesthetic appreciation. Finally, the inherent art connotations in these woods are analyzed to stimulate human thinking about the philosophy of life and to enhance art value of these woods.
Ancient wood is a kind of natural plastic art and a new research field of forest culture. Taking ancient woods displayed in Changxing Oriental Ancient Wood Museum in Zhejiang Province as examples, this paper divides these woods into four types, i.e. the deified wood, wave wood, buried wood in Sichuan Province, the fossil wood and wood fossil jade according to their places of collecting, process of formation, forms and colors, textures and structures and other factors. Based on characteristics of these woods, the paper tries to appreciate their natural beauty, ancient beauty, fancy and unskillful beauty, life beauty from viewpoint of aesthetic appreciation. Finally, the inherent art connotations in these woods are analyzed to stimulate human thinking about the philosophy of life and to enhance art value of these woods.
2010, 9(2): 15-19.
Abstract:
Reed and amur silvergrass are two herbs that frequently appear in Chinese classical literature. There were endless debates in ancient China on the similarities and differences of the two herbs because they both have many alternative names. Based on literary characteristic and botanical data, the authors discuss their name origins, applications, and cultural implications.
Reed and amur silvergrass are two herbs that frequently appear in Chinese classical literature. There were endless debates in ancient China on the similarities and differences of the two herbs because they both have many alternative names. Based on literary characteristic and botanical data, the authors discuss their name origins, applications, and cultural implications.
2010, 9(2): 20-25.
Abstract:
Since the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government carried out forbidden measure for long-term management of forest in northeastern region. It objectively protected the forest. In late Qing Dynasty, the government had to lift a ban on the northeast forest forced by internal and external troubles. Although this measure promoted the development of economy, the forest had been destructed and ecological environment had been deteriorated in that area. To provide historical enlightenment for forestry construction nowadays, this paper clears the evolution track of forestry management in northeastern region at that time, explores its changing reasons, and reveals its profound influence.
Since the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government carried out forbidden measure for long-term management of forest in northeastern region. It objectively protected the forest. In late Qing Dynasty, the government had to lift a ban on the northeast forest forced by internal and external troubles. Although this measure promoted the development of economy, the forest had been destructed and ecological environment had been deteriorated in that area. To provide historical enlightenment for forestry construction nowadays, this paper clears the evolution track of forestry management in northeastern region at that time, explores its changing reasons, and reveals its profound influence.
2010, 9(2): 26-30.
Abstract:
Contract documents of Huizhou area are important and direct literature for studying the social history of this area. There are many mountains and less lands in this area,and forestry resources are rich from of old. Forestry production and trade became more flourish in the area during the Ming and Qing dynasties, which is reflected in the contract documents of forestry issues in Huizhou area. This paper classifies and analyzes some representative documents of this area concerned with forestry to give inspiration on the study of forestry history and regional forestry history from aspect of the literature.
Contract documents of Huizhou area are important and direct literature for studying the social history of this area. There are many mountains and less lands in this area,and forestry resources are rich from of old. Forestry production and trade became more flourish in the area during the Ming and Qing dynasties, which is reflected in the contract documents of forestry issues in Huizhou area. This paper classifies and analyzes some representative documents of this area concerned with forestry to give inspiration on the study of forestry history and regional forestry history from aspect of the literature.
2010, 9(2): 31-36.
Abstract:
The excellent agricultural work, the County Agriculture(郡县农政)，written by BAO Shi-chen around the Opium War, reflects forestry technology and social culture at that time concretely. Some peasants in Changjiang-Huaihe valleys realized the natural law, utilized mountainous areas and wastelands to plant trees, and combined forestry with water conservancy and animal husbandry. According to biological habits and characteristics of the subjects of labor, the peasants took a series of effectively technological measures and relevant management methods to cultivate bamboo, candlenut, Chinese fir, vegetable tallow, tea, pear, etc. In the practice, they created rich forestry culture. Although there were some mysterious features, these achievements of forestry technology and scientific thoughts strikingly show the wisdom of local peasants in that area. It helps to enlighten modern Chinese people to follow the road of civilized development.
The excellent agricultural work, the County Agriculture(郡县农政)，written by BAO Shi-chen around the Opium War, reflects forestry technology and social culture at that time concretely. Some peasants in Changjiang-Huaihe valleys realized the natural law, utilized mountainous areas and wastelands to plant trees, and combined forestry with water conservancy and animal husbandry. According to biological habits and characteristics of the subjects of labor, the peasants took a series of effectively technological measures and relevant management methods to cultivate bamboo, candlenut, Chinese fir, vegetable tallow, tea, pear, etc. In the practice, they created rich forestry culture. Although there were some mysterious features, these achievements of forestry technology and scientific thoughts strikingly show the wisdom of local peasants in that area. It helps to enlighten modern Chinese people to follow the road of civilized development.
2010, 9(2): 37-41.
Abstract:
China is a country with vast territory and abundant resources of animals and plants. With the improvements of ecological environment, the damage accidents resulted by national key protected wild animals have become more serious and complicated. It is necessary to investigate the problems and characteristics of the accidents and put forward effective resolve measures to protect the wild animals efficiently and defend the legal rights of victims. Based on analyzing the characteristics of the accidents, this paper discusses the reasonable compensation measures on the accidents under the current law and economic condition.
China is a country with vast territory and abundant resources of animals and plants. With the improvements of ecological environment, the damage accidents resulted by national key protected wild animals have become more serious and complicated. It is necessary to investigate the problems and characteristics of the accidents and put forward effective resolve measures to protect the wild animals efficiently and defend the legal rights of victims. Based on analyzing the characteristics of the accidents, this paper discusses the reasonable compensation measures on the accidents under the current law and economic condition.
2010, 9(2): 42-46.
Abstract:
Environmental, economic and health threats posed by biological invasion have captured attentions of both the public and the government in the United States. All states have relevant laws to defend the threats besides federal legislations, but a comprehensive one is still in deficient. In 2004, the Environmental Law Institute drafted a state model law on invasive species to provide a paradigm for a comprehensive state statute. Many provincial areas in China including Beijing suffer from invasive species but there is neither a comprehensive central statute nor local ones now. Using U.S. state model law on invasive species as reference, the enactment of a comprehensive local statute on invasive species in Beijing can not only lay a legal foundation for invasive species management in the capital city, but also provide a model for legislations in other provincial areas. Finally, it can act as an experiment for future comprehensive national statute on the issue in China.
Environmental, economic and health threats posed by biological invasion have captured attentions of both the public and the government in the United States. All states have relevant laws to defend the threats besides federal legislations, but a comprehensive one is still in deficient. In 2004, the Environmental Law Institute drafted a state model law on invasive species to provide a paradigm for a comprehensive state statute. Many provincial areas in China including Beijing suffer from invasive species but there is neither a comprehensive central statute nor local ones now. Using U.S. state model law on invasive species as reference, the enactment of a comprehensive local statute on invasive species in Beijing can not only lay a legal foundation for invasive species management in the capital city, but also provide a model for legislations in other provincial areas. Finally, it can act as an experiment for future comprehensive national statute on the issue in China.
2010, 9(2): 47-51.
Abstract:
The consistency of ecological culture and society ecological structure presents necessarily the healthy ecological circulation of social civilization, and helps human beings following the way of ecological survival and ecological development. This needs self-organization process of people’s ecological species existence, and also needs to construct moral relationship between human and nature based on the balance mechanism realized by ecological morality. The resultant force formed by ecological culture and society ecological structure is not only the foundation of resultant force of people’s life and survival, but also constructs reasonable survival atmosphere and powerful social ecology and culture supporting program for individual survival resultant force.
The consistency of ecological culture and society ecological structure presents necessarily the healthy ecological circulation of social civilization, and helps human beings following the way of ecological survival and ecological development. This needs self-organization process of people’s ecological species existence, and also needs to construct moral relationship between human and nature based on the balance mechanism realized by ecological morality. The resultant force formed by ecological culture and society ecological structure is not only the foundation of resultant force of people’s life and survival, but also constructs reasonable survival atmosphere and powerful social ecology and culture supporting program for individual survival resultant force.
2010, 9(2): 52-56.
Abstract:
In order to adapt to the nature and protect variety of the bio-resources, local nationalities have created their national cultural heritages and maintained the ecological balance, which in turn promoted development of the local nationalities. Today, these national cultural heritages are threatened by market economy. This paper introduces the relationship between national cultural heritages and biodiversity, discusses the change of national cultural heritages and its influence on biodiversity conservation. Finally, problems and challenges of national cultural heritages on biodiversity conservation are mentioned, and methods of national cultural heritages on biodiversity conservation are suggested.
In order to adapt to the nature and protect variety of the bio-resources, local nationalities have created their national cultural heritages and maintained the ecological balance, which in turn promoted development of the local nationalities. Today, these national cultural heritages are threatened by market economy. This paper introduces the relationship between national cultural heritages and biodiversity, discusses the change of national cultural heritages and its influence on biodiversity conservation. Finally, problems and challenges of national cultural heritages on biodiversity conservation are mentioned, and methods of national cultural heritages on biodiversity conservation are suggested.
2010, 9(2): 57-59.
Abstract:
Represented by the Green Party, western green political movement puts forward the ideas of principle of ecology priority, social justice, grassroots democracy and non-violence in order to solve the worsening ecological and environmental problems. These viewpoints have significant enlightenment on construction of Chinese ecological civilization.
Represented by the Green Party, western green political movement puts forward the ideas of principle of ecology priority, social justice, grassroots democracy and non-violence in order to solve the worsening ecological and environmental problems. These viewpoints have significant enlightenment on construction of Chinese ecological civilization.
2010, 9(2): 60-64.
Abstract:
Colleges and universities are important institutions for national development and social civilization. Campus culture is a significant component of ecological civilization. A healthy campus culture can promote harmony and sustainable development of a university. Educational environment with democracy, science, humanity, opening and healthy ecological culture of universities can be constructed from aspects of landscape, humanity, spirit, system and behaviors. Guided by ecology principles of entirety, coordination, recycling and autogeny, campus culture of forestry universities should have characteristics of forestry subjects and special advantages, aiming to cultivate talented persons with ecological consciousness, cultural quality, strong body and good morality.
Colleges and universities are important institutions for national development and social civilization. Campus culture is a significant component of ecological civilization. A healthy campus culture can promote harmony and sustainable development of a university. Educational environment with democracy, science, humanity, opening and healthy ecological culture of universities can be constructed from aspects of landscape, humanity, spirit, system and behaviors. Guided by ecology principles of entirety, coordination, recycling and autogeny, campus culture of forestry universities should have characteristics of forestry subjects and special advantages, aiming to cultivate talented persons with ecological consciousness, cultural quality, strong body and good morality.
2010, 9(2): 65-67.
Abstract:
From viewpoint of back to the origin for reference and biogenetic law of ontogeny repeats phylogeny, this paper explores the essence and behavior characteristics of nature-tourism from angles of social biology, anthropology, philosophy and psychology. Research shows that the essence of nature-tourism is essentially primitive, atavistic and regressive. It leads to four behavior characteristics of nature-tourism: treasuring experience but not visiting, valuing process but not result, not taking convenience as condition, having the consciousness of treat nature friendly.
From viewpoint of back to the origin for reference and biogenetic law of ontogeny repeats phylogeny, this paper explores the essence and behavior characteristics of nature-tourism from angles of social biology, anthropology, philosophy and psychology. Research shows that the essence of nature-tourism is essentially primitive, atavistic and regressive. It leads to four behavior characteristics of nature-tourism: treasuring experience but not visiting, valuing process but not result, not taking convenience as condition, having the consciousness of treat nature friendly.
2010, 9(2): 68-72.
Abstract:
Residents demands and satisfaction must be considered as key factors of building country parks. To provide residents with better service, a questionnaire survey about the residents characteristics, satisfaction and demands on country parks in Beijing was conducted. Results indicate that country parks play an important role in residents leisure time. Residents satisfaction on general situation and greening level of country parks are up to 56% and 57% respectively. Finally, this paper puts forward suggestions on country parks.
Residents demands and satisfaction must be considered as key factors of building country parks. To provide residents with better service, a questionnaire survey about the residents characteristics, satisfaction and demands on country parks in Beijing was conducted. Results indicate that country parks play an important role in residents leisure time. Residents satisfaction on general situation and greening level of country parks are up to 56% and 57% respectively. Finally, this paper puts forward suggestions on country parks.
2010, 9(2): 73-77.
Abstract:
The development of scenic spot not only protects resource and environment, but also produces dual influences to social economy and ecological environment for scenic spot and its peripheral residential areas. The problem of residential areas exists and can not be avoided in every scenic spot. Under the backgrounds of Five Overall Plans (balancing urban and rural development, balancing development among regions, balancing economic and social development, balancing development of man and nature, and balancing domestic development and wider-opening to the outside world), taking Chenghu lake of Suzhou city as an example, this paper discusses how to regulate residential areas in scenic spots in view of theories and practices at home and abroad, and gives suggestions.
The development of scenic spot not only protects resource and environment, but also produces dual influences to social economy and ecological environment for scenic spot and its peripheral residential areas. The problem of residential areas exists and can not be avoided in every scenic spot. Under the backgrounds of Five Overall Plans (balancing urban and rural development, balancing development among regions, balancing economic and social development, balancing development of man and nature, and balancing domestic development and wider-opening to the outside world), taking Chenghu lake of Suzhou city as an example, this paper discusses how to regulate residential areas in scenic spots in view of theories and practices at home and abroad, and gives suggestions.
2010, 9(2): 78-81.
Abstract:
Forest park and recreation forestry can meet the living demand of residents. The construction of forest park and recreation forest is being on a transition from “discovering scenic to “creating scenic, which theoretical guidance is urgently needed. First, this paper analyzes design theories of classical gardening, composition principles of landscape painting, and classical aesthetic standards in China. Integrating the Proactive Design Approach in UK and Chinese afforestation principles, design principles of forest landscape is established in China, which include forcing shape according to position, skillfully using special substances of gardens, proper sizes coordinated with surrounding environment, proper trees suitable for right place, diversity and unity, and creating a landscape looked like natural one. These principles provide the basis of mature design theory in China.
Forest park and recreation forestry can meet the living demand of residents. The construction of forest park and recreation forest is being on a transition from “discovering scenic to “creating scenic, which theoretical guidance is urgently needed. First, this paper analyzes design theories of classical gardening, composition principles of landscape painting, and classical aesthetic standards in China. Integrating the Proactive Design Approach in UK and Chinese afforestation principles, design principles of forest landscape is established in China, which include forcing shape according to position, skillfully using special substances of gardens, proper sizes coordinated with surrounding environment, proper trees suitable for right place, diversity and unity, and creating a landscape looked like natural one. These principles provide the basis of mature design theory in China.
2010, 9(2): 82-87.
Abstract:
This paper is a research review on forest carbon sequestration. First, the paper summarizes the concept, characteristics, estimation of forest carbon sequestration. Secondly, it illustrates the characteristics, types and status of forest carbon sequestration market, and analyzes compositions of the market and relative encouraging policies. Finally, the paper prospects the development of forest carbon sequestration and its market in China in aspects of research objects, research methods and research context.
This paper is a research review on forest carbon sequestration. First, the paper summarizes the concept, characteristics, estimation of forest carbon sequestration. Secondly, it illustrates the characteristics, types and status of forest carbon sequestration market, and analyzes compositions of the market and relative encouraging policies. Finally, the paper prospects the development of forest carbon sequestration and its market in China in aspects of research objects, research methods and research context.
2010, 9(2): 88-93.
Abstract:
Forest carbon sequestration market as an effective mechanism to solve the benefit compensation of forest ecological system, has been initially established in the international scope since the Kyoto Protocol has come into effect. First, this paper reveals that the defined property of forest carbon sequestration is the precondition of carbon sequestration trade and the foundation of effective operation of the forest carbon sequestration market. Secondly, under the supply and demand framework of developing countries and Annex I countries, this study builds the operating mechanism of the forest carbon sequestration market from aspect of the effectiveness of resource allocation. Finally, we discuss the functions of government in building and perfecting of the mechanism of the forest carbon sequestration market.
Forest carbon sequestration market as an effective mechanism to solve the benefit compensation of forest ecological system, has been initially established in the international scope since the Kyoto Protocol has come into effect. First, this paper reveals that the defined property of forest carbon sequestration is the precondition of carbon sequestration trade and the foundation of effective operation of the forest carbon sequestration market. Secondly, under the supply and demand framework of developing countries and Annex I countries, this study builds the operating mechanism of the forest carbon sequestration market from aspect of the effectiveness of resource allocation. Finally, we discuss the functions of government in building and perfecting of the mechanism of the forest carbon sequestration market.
2010, 9(2): 94-100.
Abstract:
Water is the source of life. Rational use and protection of water resources should be a top priority in human development. Embankment is a basic element of water systems and its form and material have direct impact on water environment. This paper analyzes problems of urban water systems in China, introduces the history of ecological embankment and usual basic design methods of ecological embankment for the water systems, and provides reference to the development of urban water systems in China.
Water is the source of life. Rational use and protection of water resources should be a top priority in human development. Embankment is a basic element of water systems and its form and material have direct impact on water environment. This paper analyzes problems of urban water systems in China, introduces the history of ecological embankment and usual basic design methods of ecological embankment for the water systems, and provides reference to the development of urban water systems in China.
2010, 9(2): 101-104.
Abstract:
Open space of harbor areas, as an important component of urban public goods and social well-beings, is a key element in old harbor regeneration. Whether carefully considering spatial organization between harbor areas and urban, view corridor, environment comfort, urban life, cultural heritage, ecological consideration and place uniqueness is an important standard to judge the quality of the open space of harbor areas in the design of waterfront open space. It is also an important design strategy.
Open space of harbor areas, as an important component of urban public goods and social well-beings, is a key element in old harbor regeneration. Whether carefully considering spatial organization between harbor areas and urban, view corridor, environment comfort, urban life, cultural heritage, ecological consideration and place uniqueness is an important standard to judge the quality of the open space of harbor areas in the design of waterfront open space. It is also an important design strategy.
2010, 9(2): 105-110.
Abstract:
Street corner greenbelt is an important part of urban green space.Taking two street gardens in Baoding city of Hebei province for Example，this paper introduces the design meaning of street corner greenbelt and how to choice the position of green.Firstly, the design quality should be defined according to the circumstance.Secondly, the landscape should be created by geographical conditions and visitors demand.Finally,design methods are put forward i.e.rebuilding hill and water for avoiding disadvantages of inferior geographical conditions,giving play to regional humanity characteristics,and allocating plants for outstanding ecological characteristics in the paper.
Street corner greenbelt is an important part of urban green space.Taking two street gardens in Baoding city of Hebei province for Example，this paper introduces the design meaning of street corner greenbelt and how to choice the position of green.Firstly, the design quality should be defined according to the circumstance.Secondly, the landscape should be created by geographical conditions and visitors demand.Finally,design methods are put forward i.e.rebuilding hill and water for avoiding disadvantages of inferior geographical conditions,giving play to regional humanity characteristics,and allocating plants for outstanding ecological characteristics in the paper.
2010, 9(2): 111-114.
Abstract:
This paper introduces status quo of international trade of forest products，background of the trade and its environment problem,illustrates the main progresses of international discussion on illegal-logging.Essential of cracking down illegal-logging is analyzed.The conclusion is that economic globalization certainly leads to the contradiction between the developed and developing countries on the utility of forest resources.Actually,timber illegal-logging is a reallocation process of forest resources.Finally,advices are given.
This paper introduces status quo of international trade of forest products，background of the trade and its environment problem,illustrates the main progresses of international discussion on illegal-logging.Essential of cracking down illegal-logging is analyzed.The conclusion is that economic globalization certainly leads to the contradiction between the developed and developing countries on the utility of forest resources.Actually,timber illegal-logging is a reallocation process of forest resources.Finally,advices are given.
2010, 9(2): 115-119.
Abstract:
Building ecological public welfare forest is a significant measurement to resolve ecological problems in China.Based on panel data collected by sample survey on rural households of Zhejiang province,this paper analyzes the impact of ecological public welfare forest on farmers income by econometrics model with farmers income including income from forestry,off-farm employment income and total income as dependent variable.Research indicates that building ecological public welfare forest has negative impact on farmers income from forestry,but does not have distinctive impact on off-farm employment income and total income.It is our recommendation that improving compensation mechanism of ecological forest and increasing off-farm employment opportunities are the fundamental ways to achieve sustainable development of ecological public welfare forest.
Building ecological public welfare forest is a significant measurement to resolve ecological problems in China.Based on panel data collected by sample survey on rural households of Zhejiang province,this paper analyzes the impact of ecological public welfare forest on farmers income by econometrics model with farmers income including income from forestry,off-farm employment income and total income as dependent variable.Research indicates that building ecological public welfare forest has negative impact on farmers income from forestry,but does not have distinctive impact on off-farm employment income and total income.It is our recommendation that improving compensation mechanism of ecological forest and increasing off-farm employment opportunities are the fundamental ways to achieve sustainable development of ecological public welfare forest.
2010, 9(2): 120-124.
Abstract:
This paper intends to build social security system for forest protection and management workers in Beijing mountain areas.Based on research and analysis of life and working status quo of these workers,combining with socio-economic development status in Beijing,the authors aim to give ideas to optimize the social security system for the workers in order to support the minimum rural living standard,promote rural old-age insurance system,and advance rural social welfare from aspects of social relief programs,social insurance and social welfare,etc.
This paper intends to build social security system for forest protection and management workers in Beijing mountain areas.Based on research and analysis of life and working status quo of these workers,combining with socio-economic development status in Beijing,the authors aim to give ideas to optimize the social security system for the workers in order to support the minimum rural living standard,promote rural old-age insurance system,and advance rural social welfare from aspects of social relief programs,social insurance and social welfare,etc.
2010, 9(2): 125-131.
Abstract:
Based on review of the research progress of impact of Conversion of Cropland to Forest on new rural construction,this paper takes Zhijin county of Guizhou province as an example,using investigation materials,monitoring data,and statistical data,analyzes the impact of Conversion of Cropland to Forest on new rural construction from aspects of ecology,economics and society.Aiming at the problems existed in the project,the paper puts forward countermeasures on promoting new rural Construction.
Based on review of the research progress of impact of Conversion of Cropland to Forest on new rural construction,this paper takes Zhijin county of Guizhou province as an example,using investigation materials,monitoring data,and statistical data,analyzes the impact of Conversion of Cropland to Forest on new rural construction from aspects of ecology,economics and society.Aiming at the problems existed in the project,the paper puts forward countermeasures on promoting new rural Construction.
2010, 9(2): 132-135.
Abstract:
Many countries,regions and international organizations have issued respectively environmental accounting standards.But the development of general environmental accounting standard is still at the initial stage.Only small amount of provisions on this issue was reflected in Accounting Standards for Enterprises in China.Based on contrast of major international environmental accounting standards,according to the types and contents of environmental activities of enterprises,this paper discusses the concrete contents of Chinese environmental accounting standards,and puts forward that the further research on coordination and integration of environmental accounting standards and disclosure of environmental performance should be conducted.
Many countries,regions and international organizations have issued respectively environmental accounting standards.But the development of general environmental accounting standard is still at the initial stage.Only small amount of provisions on this issue was reflected in Accounting Standards for Enterprises in China.Based on contrast of major international environmental accounting standards,according to the types and contents of environmental activities of enterprises,this paper discusses the concrete contents of Chinese environmental accounting standards,and puts forward that the further research on coordination and integration of environmental accounting standards and disclosure of environmental performance should be conducted.
2010, 9(2): 136-140.
Abstract:
Hickory industry is an important sector of forestry industry.To analyze the industry thoroughly and therefore explore countermeasures to upgrade it,we firstly need to judge the growth stages of the industry scientifically.Based on industrial lifecycle theory and industrial concentration degree theory,this paper analyzes law of the output of hickory industry and regular quantitative changes of hickory enterprises.Then,preliminary judgment about growth stages of the industry is put forward: hickory industry in China has gone through formative period and growing period.It is in later stage of the growing period at present,i.e.it does not come into maturation period.This preliminary judgment has instructional meaning in further research and sustainable development of hickory industry in China.
Hickory industry is an important sector of forestry industry.To analyze the industry thoroughly and therefore explore countermeasures to upgrade it,we firstly need to judge the growth stages of the industry scientifically.Based on industrial lifecycle theory and industrial concentration degree theory,this paper analyzes law of the output of hickory industry and regular quantitative changes of hickory enterprises.Then,preliminary judgment about growth stages of the industry is put forward: hickory industry in China has gone through formative period and growing period.It is in later stage of the growing period at present,i.e.it does not come into maturation period.This preliminary judgment has instructional meaning in further research and sustainable development of hickory industry in China.
2010, 9(2): 141-144.
Abstract:
The textual research of the names and things, especially searching Chinese plants denomination is the recognized difficult problem in the traditional linguistics. The crux of the matter is to search the scientific ways of finding out the origin of the names and things from the point of the methodology. The article holds the idea that the method of searching meanings out of sounds, i.e. the compatative method linking to cognate words plays a very important role in the ancient Chinese plants denomination. This method can not only avoid making errors in sound-based word interpretation, but also distinguish the differences between the similar plants denomination, which is of the important value in analyzing the ambiguous ancient exegesis and the heterodoxy.
The textual research of the names and things, especially searching Chinese plants denomination is the recognized difficult problem in the traditional linguistics. The crux of the matter is to search the scientific ways of finding out the origin of the names and things from the point of the methodology. The article holds the idea that the method of searching meanings out of sounds, i.e. the compatative method linking to cognate words plays a very important role in the ancient Chinese plants denomination. This method can not only avoid making errors in sound-based word interpretation, but also distinguish the differences between the similar plants denomination, which is of the important value in analyzing the ambiguous ancient exegesis and the heterodoxy.
2010, 9(2): 145-149.
Abstract:
Northeast region，a frontier area in the Tang Dynasty，appeared in women-complaint poems many times in this period. There are unique aesthetic connotations in nearly 70 pieces of women-complaint poems about frontier fortress related with the northeast images. Not only the sentimental language, but also the vivid and moving woman images reveal the human nature and express the emotional world of women. In winter of Tianbao，Eleventh year (752)，LI Bai(701?62) had been to You State (around today’s Hebei and Liaoning provinces)and experienced frontier fortress personally. This experience makes his women complaint poems more affective and influencing.
Northeast region，a frontier area in the Tang Dynasty，appeared in women-complaint poems many times in this period. There are unique aesthetic connotations in nearly 70 pieces of women-complaint poems about frontier fortress related with the northeast images. Not only the sentimental language, but also the vivid and moving woman images reveal the human nature and express the emotional world of women. In winter of Tianbao，Eleventh year (752)，LI Bai(701?62) had been to You State (around today’s Hebei and Liaoning provinces)and experienced frontier fortress personally. This experience makes his women complaint poems more affective and influencing.
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